Table 7: Differences in Nurse Responses by Gender, Participating in Update Training, Sufficiency of Pain Management, Contract, Employment Arrangement and Hospitals

Background Variable Analgesic Treatment Practices Factor 1 Emotional Support Factor 2 Physical Methods Factor 3 Specific Methods Factor 4
n Mean SD n Mean SD n Mean SD n Mean SD
Gender
Male 15 4.0 0.49 15 3.2 0.66 15 2.1 1.1 15 4.7 0.41
Female 315 4.0 0.55 315 3.7 0.75 312 2.2 0.83 315 4.6 0.47
ns.* p=.013 ns. ns.
Participating in update training
Yes 20 4.2 0.43 20 4.0 0.63 20 2.4 0.83 20 4.6 0.57
No 309 4.0 0.55 309 3.6 0.76 306 2.2 0.85 309 4.6 0.46
ns. p=.035 ns. ns.
Sufficiency of pain management
Undertreated 147 3.9 0.59 151 3.6 0.77 148 2.1 0.76 151 4.6 0.47
Sufficient 169 4.2 0.46 170 3.6 0.73 170 2.3 0.90 170 4.7 0.46
p< .001 ns. p=.007 ns.
Contract
Permanent 259 4.1 0.54 265 3.7 0.75 262 2.1 0.83 265 4.6 0.47
Deputy 60 4.0 0.57 60 3.6 0.77 60 2.4 0.90 60 4.6 0.45
ns. ns. p=.043 ns.
Employment arrangement
Fully time 282 4.1 0.55 287 3.6 0.76 285 2.2 0.84 287 4.7 0.44
Part time 39 4.0 0.50 40 3.5 0.75 39 2.1 0.91 40 4.4 0.53
ns. ns. ns. p=.006
Different hospitals
All hospitals 324 4.1 0.55 330 3.6 0.75 327 2.2 0.85 330 4.6 0.46
p< .001 p=.009 p< .001 ns.
University hospitals 153 4.1 0.58 156 3.7 0.80 154 2.1 0.76 156 4.6 0.44
City-centre hospitals 171 4.1 0.52 174 3.6 0.71 173 2.3 0.91 174 4.6 0.48
ns. ns. ns. ns.

* ns. =not significant.