Table 2.: Consequences of Diabetic Foot Ulcer

Illuminative Quotation Subcategories (n)2 Main Analytical Category1(n)2

‘I have even lost my loved ones because of the smell which I cannot control. I feel I am a social outcast’ (R5) Lost contacts or loved ones due to smell (8) Social Factors (21)

‘Made my business stick, restricted movement and stigma. The wound have made my life and that of my family a living hell…I feel isolated…’ (R3) Feeling isolated (6)

‘Ulcer has caused me a lot of problems because I am now totally dependent on other people who look on me as a burden…’ (R5) Dependent on others/burden to others (5)

‘Made my business stick…The wound has made my life and that of my family a living hell. One of my children has dropped out of school. I can no longer afford it.’ (R3) Poor economy - business stuck, unable to afford school fees (3)

‘The wound made me anxious because the whole leg will be cut away. I feel disabled…I cannot visit my neighbours…I will no longer perform my usual activities as I used to’ (R6) Disabled (7) Individual factors - Physical (20)
‘The wound and the smell have made my life miserable…’ (R4) Smell (5)
‘Unable to walk, feel disabled, restricted movement…’ (R1) Restricted movement/unable to walk (4)

‘…I no longer sleep at night’ (R8) Sleep disturbance (3)
‘Not eating, fear of passing stool as unable to walk to toilet’ (R1) Not eating - fear of passing stool (1)

‘The wound made me anxious because I had a feeling that the whole leg will be cut away…’ (R6) Anxious (2) Individual factors - Emotional (8)
‘Feeling hopeless, helpless’ (R1) Hopeless (2)
‘…helpless’ (R1) Helpless (1)
‘Lost self-esteem..’ (R1) Lost self-esteem (1)

1 Developed from the lay theory model of illness causation by Helman (2007) including four main categories: factors related to the individual, nature, social relations and/or the supernatural world.
2 n stands for number of statements.