| Age | <35 n=1783 | 35-39 n=870 | 40≤ n=157 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | ||||
| Sensitivity to cold (hiesho) | Yes | 762 (42.7) | 346 (39.8) | 59 (37.6) |
| Delivery history | Primipara | 1101 (61.7) | 341 (39.2) | 59 (37.6) |
| Multipara | 682 (38.3) | 529 (60.8) | 98 (62.4) | |
| Weight gain (kg) Mean±SD | 10.2±3.2 | 9.8±3.5 | 9.6±3.9 | |
| BMI (kg/m2) Mean±SD | 24.5±2.7 | 24.5±2.7 | 24.4±2.5 | |
| Smoking (During pregnancy) | 66 (3.7) | 26 (3.0) | 1 (0.6) | |
| Complications | Yes | 595 (33.4) | 413 (47.5) | 90 (57.3) |
| (Major complications) Uterine fibroids |
120 (6.7) | 121 (13.9) | 27 (17.2) | |
| Ovarian cysts | 56 (3.1) | 54 (6.2) | 19 (12.1) | |
| Infertility | 111 (6.2) | 144 (16.6) | 39 (24.8) | |
| Pregnancy-induced hypertension | 34 (1.9) | 28 (3.2) | 9 (5.7) | |
| Periodontal disease | 48 (2.7) | 43 (4.9) | 11 (7.0) | |
| Hyperthyroidism | 25 (1.4) | 19 (2.2) | 2 (1.3) | |
| Infectious disease | 28 (1.6) | 6 (0.7) | 2 (1.3) | |
| Nephritis | 21 (1.2) | 8 (0.9) | 1 (0.6) | |
| Mode of delivery | Natural delivery | 1516 (85.0) | 680 (78.2) | 114 (72.6) |
| Forceps/vacuum delivery | 267 (14.9) | 31 (3.6) | 7 (4.5) | |
| Caesarean section | 188 (10.5) | 159 (18.3) | 36 (22.9) | |
| Length of time for delivery (h)* Mean±SD | 9.4±7.2 | 8.3±7.3 | 7.9±7.2 | |
| Blood loss at delivery(ml)* Mean±SD | 421.7±286.7 | 406.9±272.4 | 429.2±337.1 | |
| Premature delivery | 63 (3.5) | 37 (4.3) | 10 (6.4) | |
| Premature rupture of the membrane | 429 (24.1) | 194 (22.3) | 39 (24.8) | |
| Weak labor pains | 188 (10.5) | 79 (9.1) | 21 (13.4) | |
| Prolonged labor | 100 (5.6) | 43 (4.9) | 12 (7.6) | |
| Atonic bleeding* | 414 (26.0) | 173 (24.3) | 26 (21.5) | |
| Non-reassuring fetal status* | 163 (10.2) | 49 (6.9) | 12 (9.9)ｓ | |
| Asphyxia of the newborn* | 163 (10.2) | 49 (6.9) | 12 (9.9) | |