Table 3: The 10 Top- and Bottom-Ranked Items of BARRIERS Scale with Means and Standard Deviations

Rank Order Subscale Item Mean (SD)
1 S There is insufficient time on the job to implement new ideas 410 (1.20)
2 N The nurse does not see the value of research for practice 3.98 (1.18)
3 S The facilities are inadequate for implementation 3.95 (1.14)
4 S The nurse does not have time to read research 3.88 (1.14)
5 N The nurse is unaware of the research 3.77 (1.12)
6 S The nurse does not feel she has enough authority to change patient care procedures 3.74 (1.10)
7 S The nurse feels that the results are not generalizable to his/her own setting 3.61 (1.11)
8 P Implications for practice are not made clear 3.50 (1.10)
9 S Administration will not allow implementation 3.45 (1.20)
10 N There is not a documented need to change practice 3.34 (1.17)
25 N Research /articles are not published fast enough 2.93 (1.13)
26 R The amount of research information is overwhelming 2.92 (1.19)
27 R The literature reports conflicting results 2.91 (1.08)
28 N The nurse is unwilling to change or try new ideas 2.89 (1.07)
29 N The nurse see little benefit for him/herself 2.81 (1.03)

S: Organisational Characteristics, N: Nurse Characteristics, P: Presentation and Accessibility of Research, R: Quality of Research.