| Investigators | Subjects | Years of Follow-up | Effect of Dietary Fat |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hirayama [26] | 265,118 subjects in Japan | 13 | Significant negative effect for meat |
| Stemmermann et al. [27] | 7,074 Hawaiian-Japanese men | 15 | Significant negative effect |
| Garland et al. [8] | 1,954 men in Chicago | 19 | No significant effect |
| Phillips & Snowdon [9] | 25,493 Seventh Day Adventists in California | 21 | No significant effect |
| Willett et al. [4] | 88,751 female nurses in USA | 6 | Significant positive effect for total, animal, monounsaturated, and saturated fat, and for red meat |
| Giovannucci et al. [5] | 7,284 male health professionals | 2 | Significant positive effect for total, animal, monounsaturated, and saturated fat, and for red meat |
| Thun et al. [10] | 764,343 men and women | 6 | No significant effect of fat or red meat |
| Goldbohm et al. [11] | 58,279 men and 62,573 women in Netherlands | 3.3 | No significant effect |
| Giovannucci et al. [12] | 47,949 male health professionals | 6 | No significant effect of fat, but significant positive correlation with red meat |
| Bostick et al. [13] | 35,215 women in Iowa | 4 | No significant effect |
| Gaard et al. [14] | 50,535 men and women in Norway | 11 | No significant effect of fat, but significant positive correlation with sausage intake |
| Chyou et al. [28] | 7,945 Japanese-American men in Hawaii | 27-30 | Significant negative correlation with total and monounsaturated fat for colon but not rectal cancer |
| Kato et al. [15] | 14,727 women in New York and Florida | 7 | No significant effect of fat or meat |
| Singh & Fraser [6] | 32,051 7th Day Adventist men and women in California | 6 | Significantly increased risk with red, white or total meat intake |
| Pietinen et al. [16] | 27,111 male smokers in Finland | 8 | No significant effect of fat or meat |
| Jarvinen et al. [17] | 9959 Finnish men and women | 27-32 | High cholesterol intake was associated with increased risk, but not consumption of total, saturated, monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fat |
| Terry et al. [18, 19] | 61,463 women in Sweden | 9.6 | No significant effect of intake of fat or a “Western” diet |
| Flood et al. [20] | 45,496 women in USA | 8.5 | No significant effect of fat or meat consumption |
| Chao et al. [314] | 148,610 men and women in USA | 9, 19 | Significant increase with red and processed meat consumption; poultry and fish consumption protective |
| Robertson et al. [21] | 1,520 men and women in USA | 1, 4 | No significant effect of fat or red meat consumption |
| Oba et al. [22] | 13,894 men and 16,327 women in Japan | 8 | No significant effect of dietary fat; significant increase from processed meat consumption |
| Lin et al. [23] | 37,547 women in USA | 8.7 | No significant effect of dietary fat |
| Sanjoaquin et al. [24] | 10,998 men and women in the United Kingdom | 17 | No significant effect of animal fat intake |
| Dahm et al. [25] | 153,000 men and women in the United Kingdom | 7-23 | No significant effect of dietary fat |
| Butler et al. [7] | 61,321 Singapore Chinese | 9.8 | Positive association between total and saturated fat and localized cancer in women only |