| Author (year) | Design | Sample (n) | Age - years (m±sd) | Male Sex n (%) | Main characteristics relating to hypertension | Outcome(s) | Result(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daniels et al. (1991) [38] | CS | 97 | 14.7 ±3.5 | 73 (75.2) | AP (last quartile) | Qualitative analysis of vessel caliber during retinography | 41% narrowing, 14% tortuous, 8% intertwined a/v |
| Mitchell et al. (2007) [10] | CS | 1952 | Sidney 6.3±0.4 Singapore 7.6±0.6 |
Sidney 992 (50.8) Singapore 1109 (56.8) |
AP (mean and quartiles) | Refraction + Biometry + Quantitative analysis of vessel caliber during retinography |
Spherical Equivalent (D): +0.4 to -4.25 Axial Length (mm): 21.9 to 25.2 RAC reduced in the highest quartile RVC not associated |
| Gopinath et al. (2010) [39] |
CS | 2272 | 12.7±0.4 | 1154 (50.8) | AP (mean and quartiles) | Quantitative analysis of vessel caliber during retinography | CAV reduced RVC not associated |
| Hanssen et al. (2012) [36] | CS | 578 | 11.1 ±0.6 | 329 (56.9) | AP BMI> 90th percentile |
Quantitative analysis of vessel caliber during retinography | RAC reduced RVC not associated |
| Kurniawan, E.D. et al. (2012) [40] | CS | 1174 | 11.9 ± 1.0 | 576 (49.1) | AP, SP, DP | Refraction + Biometry + Quantitative analysis of caliber and circulation pattern in vessels during retinography |
Spherical Equivalent (dioptres): -0.33 (±1.67) not related Axial Length (mm): 23.27 (±0.9) not related Retinal Fractal Dimension reduced RAC reduced RVC not related |
| Murgan et al. (2013) [41] | CS | 121 | 16.2±1.5 | 68 (56.2) | AP >90th percentile 90th percentile, but below 95th percentile, or if arterial pressure exceeded 120/80 mmHg | Quantitative analysis of vessel caliber during retinography | RAC reduced in SAH RVC not related Relação caliber a/v: not related |
| Yang et al. (2014) [34] |
CS | 1565 | 11.9 ±3.5 | 801 (51.2) | AP last quartile and BMI | Refraction + Biometry + Intraocular Pressure (IOP): (non-contact) |
SE (D): -1.58±2.0 (no relationship) AL(mm): 17.1±3.6 (no relationship) IOP associated with diastolic pressure; not related to BMI |
| Imhof et al. (2016) [37] | CS | 391 | 7.3 +- 0.4 | 191 (48.8) | AP>95th percentile BMI (WHO) |
Quantitative analysis of vessel caliber during retinography | SAH:RAC reduced RVC not related; Obesity: RAC/RVC not related after adjustment for blood pressure |