| Author (year) | Design | Sample (n) | Age (m±sd) | Male Sex n (%) | Main characteristics relating to obesity | Outcome(s) | Result(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Saw et al. (2002) [42] |
CS | 1449 | 8 (±1) | 746 (51.5) | BMI (quartiles) | Refraction | Weight related to hypermetropy boys Height related to myopia |
| Akinci et al. (2007) [35] | Case-control | 72 (BMI >95) 72 (BMI <95) |
Group I Boys 13.7 (2.6) Girls 14.6(1.8) Group C Boys 13.6(2.7) Girls 14.5(1.9) >0.05 |
49 (68) | BMI >95th percentile | Exophtham (Hertel) IOP (applanation) |
18% obese with exophthalmia IOP not associated with blood pressure levels 10% obese with increased IOP |
| Cheung et al. (2007) [22] | CS | 768 | 7.9±0.8 | 403 (52.5) | BMI (quartiles) | Quantitative analysis of vessel caliber during retinography | RAC: not associated RVC: increased (every 3.1 kg/m2 BMI increases vein 2.55μ) |
| Gopinath et al. (2011) [24] | CS | 2353 | 12.7 ± 0.4 | 1188 (50.5) | BMI (IOTF) | Quantitative analysis of vessel caliber during retinography | RAC: decreased RVC: increased |
| Li et al. (2011) [43] | CS | 136 | 11.19 ± 2.5 | 69 (50.1) | BMI > 85% percentile Triceps skin fold |
Quantitative analysis of vessel caliber during retinography | RAC: not associated RVC: increased |
| Albuquerque et al (2013) [44] | CS | 96 | 11 ± 2.8 | 46 (48) | BMI ≥ 95% percentile | IOP (applanation) | IOP not associated |
| Jiang et al. (2014) [46] |
CS | 5919 | 10.0±3.3 | 3118 (52.7) |
BMI | IOP (non-contact) | IOP associate with BMI in boys |
| Kurniawan et al. (2014) [47] | Cohort | 421 | 11.9 ± 0.8 | 207 (49.2) | BMI (WHO) | Refraction + Quantitative analysis of vessel caliber during retinography |
SE (D): -2.23±1.4 RAC: no relationship RVC: increased |
| Yau et al. (2014) [6] |
CS | 39 cases 51 controls |
17.8 ±1.6 | 15 (38.4) | IR (QUICKI) | Quantitative analysis of vessel caliber during retinography | RAC: decreased RVC: increased |
| Gishti et al. (2015) [45] | CS | 4145 | 6.0 +- 0.3 | 2072 (50) | BMI ≥ 95% percentile | Quantitative analysis of vessel caliber during retinography | RAC decreased RVC not related |
| Xiao et al. (2015) [25] |
CS | 731 | Subgroup 1: 7-11 y Girls 9.4±1.2 Boys 9.62±1.36 Subgroup 2: 12-19 a Girls 14.5±2 Boys 14.3±2.4 |
339 (46.3) | BMI | Quantitative analysis of vessel caliber during retinography | RAC and RVC: between 12-19 years narrowing related to adiposity |