Table 1: Baseline characteristics of our study sample.

Mean ± SD
Age (years) 63.3 ± 5.2
HbA1c (%, mmol/ml) 6.3 ± 1.9 (45 ± 20.8)
BMI 26.6 ± 4.2
MDA (nmol/ml) 4.21 ± 0.4
N (%)
Gender
Male
Female
138 (48.9)
144 (51.1)
DR stage
Stage I
Stage II
Stage III
Stage IV
74 (26.2)
65 (23.0)
49 (17.5)
94 (33.3)

BMI: body mass index; MDA: malondialdehyde; DR: diabetic retinopathy