| Study and Year of Publication | Year of Data Collection | Design | N | Age (mean ± SD) | Location (region) | Refractive Error Definition | Cycloplegic | RE n | Uncorrected RE (N) | RE Types n(%) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total RE | M | F | Myopia | Hyperope | Astigmatism | |||||||||
| Al-Rowaily. 2010 | March to Oct 2008 | Cross-sectional School-based | 1319 | *Age range 4-8 years | Riyadh Central | Myopia: ≤−0.50 SE (D) hyperopia: ≥2.0 SE (D) | No (Non-cycloplegic retinoscopy) | 60 | 24 | 36 | - | 25 | 23 | 33 |
| Aldebasi. 2013 | Sep 2010 - May 2011 | Population school-based | 5176 | 9.5 ± 1.8 | Qassim Central | Myopia: ≤−0.50 SE (D) hyperopia: ≥2.0 SE (D) Astigmatism: <-0.75 Dc |
Yes | 963 | 400 | 446 | 846 | 580 | 177 | 89 |
| Al Wadaani et al. 2011 | 2011 | Cross-sectional | 2246 | 9.4 ±2.3y | Alehssa (Eastern) | Myopia: ≤−0.75 SE (D) hyperopia: ≥2.0 SE (D) Astigmatism: <-1.0 Dc |
Yes | 274 | 113 | 161 | 253 | 214 | 60 | - |
| Alrahili et al. 2017 | April to August 2015 | Retrospective School-based | 1893 | 9.4 ±2.3 | Madina (Eastern) | AAPOS guidelines [13] | No (auto refractometer) | 681 | 332 | 329 | 661 | 26 | 29 | 467 |
| Alsaqr et al. 2017 | Jan- July 2015 | Cross-sectional School-based | 335 | 4.5 ± 0.8 | Riyadh Central | Myopia: ≤−0.50 SE (D)hyperopia: ≥2.0 SE (D) Astigmatism: <-1.0 Dc |
No (Non-cycloplegic retinoscopy) | 42 | 24 | 17 | 87 | 14 | 27 | - |
| Al Bahhawi et al. 2018 | Oct-15 | School-basedCross-sectional | 395 | *Age range 6-14 years | Jazan (South) | Myopia: ≤−0.75 SE (D) hyperopia: ≥1.0 SE (D) | No (Non-cycloplegic retinoscopy) | 87 | 87 | - | 39 | 34 | 3 | |
| Yaser Z, 2019 | January to July 2016 | School-based Cross-sectional | 414 | 7.1 ±0.8 and 4.1 ±0.8 | Riyadh Central | Myopia: ≤−0.50SE (D) hyperopia: ≥1.0 SE (D) Astigmatism: <-2.0 Ds |
No (spot screener) | 94 | 31 | 64 | 77 | 46 | 13 | 39 |
| Alghamdi, 2020 | Nov 2019 to Jan 2020 | School-based Cross-sectional | 417 | 9.2 ± 1.9 | Uyoun Aljawa Central | Myopia: ≤−0.50 SE (D) hyperopia: ≥2.0 SE (D) Astigmatism: <-1.0 Dc |
No (Non-cycloplegic retinoscopy | 82 | 82 | 79 | 32 | 38 | 13 | |