Reliability and Validity of Electro-Goniometric Range of Motion Measurements in Patients with Hand and Wrist Limitations

Table 1: Intrarater (test-retest) reliability values for NK and J-Tech digital goniometers.

Measure/Reliability	Instrument	ICC	95%CI	SEM	MDC₉₀	MDC₉₀
Wrist Flex	NK	0.97	0.95-0.98	1.98	4.62	5.49
	J-Tech	0.95	0.91-0.97	2.59	6.04	7.18
Wrist EXT.	NK	0.95	0.91-0.97	2.06	4.81	5.71
	J-Tech	0.94	0.72-0.94	2.47	5.76	6.85
Wrist Radial Dev.	NK	0.96	0.92-0.98	0.96	2.24	2.66
	J-Tech	0.93	0.88-0.96	1.26	3.04	3.49
Wrist Ulnar Dev.	NK	0.91	0.85-0.95	1.98	4.62	5.49
	J-Tech	0.93	0.89-0.96	2.06	4.81	5.71
Wrist pron.	NK	0.89	0.80-0.94	2.10	4.90	5.82
	J-Tech	0.86	0.77-0.92	2.24	5.23	6.21
Wrist Sup.	NK	0.94	0.85-0.96	3.20	5.13	6.10
	J-Tech	0.95	0.90-0.97	1.95	4.55	5.40
Act.PIP Index Flex.	NK	0.93	0.89-0.97	1.78	4.15	4.93
	J-Tech	0.91	0.84-0.95	1.93	4.50	5.35
Pas. PIP Index Flex.	NK	0.91	0.85-0.95	1.90	4.43	5.27
Torque	NK	0.71	0.44-0.89	7.57	17.66	20.98

Note: ICC = Intraclass Correlation Coefficient; CI = Confidence Interval; SEM = Standard Error of Measurement; MDC₉₀ = Minimum Detectable Change associated with 90% CI; MDC₉₅ = Minimum Detectable Change associated with 95% CI.