Table 4: Significant pre-operative determinants of poor outcomes as measured by change in pain and/or function status 6 weeks to 2 years following TKA.

Determinant type	PAIN	Studies	FUNCTION	Studies	PAIN & FUNCTION combined	Studies
Demographic	NONE	NONE	Male gender	[4]	Younger age	[16]
					Older age	[33]
					Female gender	[33]
Socioeconomic	NONE	NONE	NONE	NONE	NONE	NONE
Psychosocial	Greater pain catastrophizing	[22]	NONE	NONE	Presence of depression	[16]
					Greater depression level	[16]
Clinical	Greater levels of inflammatory markers • Greater synovial fluid TNF- α levels • Greater synovial fluid MMP-13 levels • Greater synovial fluid IL-6 levels	[21]	Better pain level	[41]	Better pain/function levels	[16, 40]
	Higher bodily pain levels	[41]	Greater comorbidity	[41]	Worse general health status	[16]
			Higher bodily pain levels	[41]	Greater comorbidity	[16, 40]
			Worse mental health	[42]	Presence of self-reported disability	[16]
			Presence of osteoporosis	[4]	Lower self-reported general health	[16]
			Better function level	[4]	Presence of back pain	[41]
					Worse mental health	[4]
					Presence of osteoporosis	[4]
Surgical	Cementless prosthesis	[42]	NONE	NONE	PFC prosthesis brand	[16]
					Genesis 2 prosthesis brand	[16]
					AGC prosthesis brand	[16]
					Triathlon prosthesis brand	[16]
Healthcare-related	NONE	NONE	NONE	NONE	Surgery performed at a National Health Services Hospital (United Kingdom)	[16]