| Baseline | 6 months | 12 months | p-value1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Back pain VAS, mean (SD) | ||||
| All | 81.7 (15.2) | 40.9 (26.3) | 44.1 (22.9) | <0.0001 |
|
Smokers Non-smokers p-value |
81.5 (17.5) 81.9 (13.0) 0.96 |
46.3 (27.6) 34.8 (25.0) 0.39 |
55.3 (16.7) 31.4 (23.3) 0.04 |
0.004 0.002 |
|
BMI <30 >30 p-value |
83.2 (16.9) 79.0 (12.3) 0.54 |
45.2 (30.8) 34.7 (18.4) 0.40 |
41.8 (26.0) 47.7 (18.9) 0.62 |
0.004 0.008 |
| Leg pain VAS, mean (SD) | ||||
| All | 63.6 (29.2) | 34.4 (33.3) | 27.7 (26.8) | 0.001 |
|
Smokers Non-smokers p-value |
71.3 (25.3) 54.1 (32.2) 0.21 |
40.8 (34.7) 27.1 (29.5) 0.39 |
35.1 (28.0) 19.3 (24.7) 0.26 |
0.01 0.02 |
|
BMI <30 >30 p-value |
65.7 (30.0) 59.6 (29.3) 0.67 |
44.1 (34.0) 20.4 (25.2) 0.11 |
34.4 (27.1) 17.7 (25.3) 0.25 |
0.03 0.02 |