Table 2: Physical properties of carbon nanostructures.

Structure Tensile
Strength (GPa)
Young’s
Modulus (GPa)
References
Bone
Cortical Bone      0.051-0.133      12-18 [27, 96, 106]
Cancellous Bone      0.0074      0.1-0.5 [27, 106]
Metal Alloys
Stainless Steel      0.586      190 [106]
Co-Cr alloy      1.085      280 [106]
Ti-alloy      0.965      116 [106]
Ceramics
Alumina      0.300      380 [106]
Zirconia      0.820      220 [106]
Bioglass      0.042      35 [106]
Hydroxyappetite      0.050      95 [106]
Carbon Nanostructure
Graphene      130      1000 [97, 98, 107]
Graphene nanoribbons      170-175      ~1000 [101, 108]
Graphene oxide nanoplatelets      --      220 [97, 99, 100]
Carbon Nanotubes
SWCNT      126      650 - 5500 [103, 104]
DWCNT      23-63      -- [116]
MWCNT      >63      200 – 1950 [103-105]
Nanodiamonds      >60      170-1220 [102, 103]

Co = cobalt, Cr = chromium, DWCNT = double-walled carbon nanotubes, MWCNT = multi-walled carbon nanotubes, SWCNT = single-walled carbon nanotubes, Ti = titanium