Table 2: Summary of pharmacokinetic parameters following single doses of liposome bupivacaine and bupivacaine HCl.* Reprinted with kind permission from Springer Science and Business Media, Springer, and Springer International Publishing Switzerland, Clinical Drug Investigation, Volume 33, 2013, Page 112, Pharmacokinetic profile of liposome bupivacaine injection following a single administration at the surgical site, DeeDee Hu, Erol Onel, Neil Singla, William G. Kramer, Admir Hadzic, Table II, © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2012 a.

Parameter Study 1 (inguinal hernia repair) Study 2 (total knee arthroplasty) Study 3 (hemorrhoidectomy) Study 4 (bunionectomy)
LB
155
mg
LB
199
mg
LB
266
mg
LB
310
mg
Bupivacaine HCl
100
mg
LB
133
mg
LB
266
mg
LB
399
mg
LB
532
mg
Bupivacaine HCl
150
mg
LB
266
mg
LB
106
mg
n=12 n=12 n=12 n=14 n=26 n=25 n=24 n=26 n=21 n=30 n=25 n=26
Cmax (ng/mL) 241
(89)
303
(84)
365
(130)
415
(122)
336
(156)
262
(277)
340
(107)
500
(173)
935
(371)
205
(111)
867 (353) 166 (93)
Tmax (h) 12
(0.5,24)
10
(0.5,24)
12
(0.6,48)
12
(0.2,49)
0.6
(0.1, 6)
12
(0.5, 37)
24
(0.5, 49)
24
(0.2, 48)
36
(2, 71)
24
(0.6, 48)
0.5 (0.3, 36) 2 (0.5, 2)
n=12 n=12 n=12 n=14 n=26 n=23 n=20 n=21 n=19 n=28 n=24 n=22
AUC (hng/mL) 9597
(4370)
10,295
(4486)
16,758
(6288)
19,476
(8015)
4374
(1561)
7826
(3317)
17,370
(8540)
27,630
(12,939)
60,174
(25,117)
7460
(4118)
18,289 (7569) 7105 (2283)
t½ (h) 15.9
(6.7)
14.1
(5.1)
14.6
(4.6)
18.9
(6.2)
8.5
(2.9)
13.4
(4.0)
17.1
(6.8)
18.8
(5.1)
16.9
(4.8)
10.7
(3.9)
23.8 (39.4) 34.1 (17.0)

a[9]; AUC = area under the plasma concentration time curve from time zero to infinity; Cmax = maximum plasma drug concentration; LB = liposome bupivacaine; t½ = half-life; Tmax = time to maximum plasma drug concentration.
*Arithmetic mean (standard deviation) except Tmax (median [min, max]).