Table 3: Pharmacokinetic parameters* for liposome bupivacaine and bupivacaine HCl after subcutaneous administration in minipigs by treatment group (Unpublished data).

Group LB Dose (mg/kg) Bupivacaine HCl Dose (mg/kg) Time (min) AUC0-24h (h•ng/mL) AUC0-96h (h•ng/mL) AUC0-∞ (h•ng/mL) Cmax (ng/mL) t½ (h) Tmax (h)
1 2 0 NA 1790 (595) 2810 (628) 2820 (629) 181 (10) 10.6 (2.2) 0.20 (0.05)
2 4 0 NA 2020 (463) 5850 (652) 6430 (1200) 234 (139) 19.6 (8.9) 16.10 (27.60)
3 0 1 NA 1050 (252) 1460 (265) 1480 (263) 428 (119) 14.5 (1.9) 0.20 (0.05)
4 0 2 NA 2570 (460) 3210 (332) 3230 (355) 911 (292) 10.3 (5.8) 0.20 (0.05)
5 2 2 1 2900 (779) 5310 (1070) 5490 (1170) 592 (205) 18.1 (7.6) 0.17 (0.08)
6 4 1 1 2920 (335) 8720 (1490) 9720 (2350) 573 (120) 22.2 (11.3) 0.22 (0.46)
7 2 2 5 4490 (892) 7310 (1080) 7480 (1100) 1260 (347) 15.9 (6.1) 0.14 (0.05)
8 4 1 5 3120 (397) 8170 (716) 8380 (577) 642 (183) 13.0 (5.6) 0.14 (0.05)
9 2 2 15 3360 (676) 7480 (2110) 8890 (1240) 871 (370) 36.2 (17.5) 0.11 (0.05)
10 4 1 15 3490 (800) 7850 (562 8160 (730) 677 (258) 16.9 (2.8) 0.17 (0.08)
11 2 2 Admixed 3320 (508) 5330 (1210) 5380 (1220) 667 (224) 11.9 (1.2) 0.20 (0.05)
12 4 1 Admixed 4260 (1710) 12,800 (3200) 14,300 (4460) 886 (310) 22.4 (8.3) 0.20 (0.05)

AUC0-24 = area under the concentration time curve from time zero to 24 hours post-dose; AUC0-96 = area under the concentration time curve from time zero to 96 hours post-dose; AUC0-∞ = area under the concentration time curve from time zero to infinity; Cmax = maximum plasma drug concentration; LB = liposome bupivacaine; NA = not applicable; t½ = half-life; SD = standard deviation; Tmax = time to maximum plasma drug concentration.
AUC0-24 = area under the concentration time curve from time zero to 24 hours post-dose; AUC0-96 = area under the concentration time curve from time zero to 96 hours post-dose; AUC0-∞ = area under the concentration time curve from time zero to infinity; Cmax = maximum plasma drug concentration; LB = liposome bupivacaine; NA = not applicable; t½ = half-life; SD = standard deviation; Tmax = time to maximum plasma drug concentration.