Table 3: Review of published evidence on robotic accuracy.

Author Year Study Type Number of Screws Screws in Safe Zone*
Hu 2013 Retrospective 960 98.9%
Onen 2014 Prospective 136 98.5%
Kim 2016 RCT** 158 99.4%
Hyun 2016 RCT** 130 100%
Fujishiro 2015 Cadaveric study 216 100%
Zahrawi Current Retrospective 293 100%
Weighted average 99.3%

* Fully within the pedicle or breaching <2mm ** RCT = Randomized Control Trial