Fig. (1) Visual analogue scale (a), range of motion (b-e), and Constant scores (f) before manipulation and at the final follow-up. Light gray bars indicate the idiopathic groups and deep gray bars indicate the diabetic groups, respectively. MUA, manipulation under anesthesia; F/U, follow-up; T, thoracic vertebra; L, lumber vertebra, S, sacrum. * indicates significant difference.