Fig. (1) DRG Immunostaining: Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in DRG (top; graphs A-B): Increased expression was observed in NP-treated (*p<0.0004) animals at 4 weeks after surgery. Expression levels of GFAP in sham animals remained constant at all time points. Ionized calcium binding adaptor molecular 1 (Iba1) in DRG (bottom; graphs C-D): Expression level of Iba1 did not vary in sham or NP-treated animals at any time point.