Characteristics | Lumbar Fusion | Cognitive Intervention and Exercises | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
All Randomised (n = 66) | Had Fusion in the Present Study (n = 23) | All Randomised (n = 58) | Had No Fusion in the Present Study (n = 25) | |
Age (years) | 42.7 ± 8.0 | 44.0 ± 9.0 | 42.4 ± 8.0 | 41.7 ± 8.0 |
Men | 27 (41) | 11 (48) | 29 (50) | 14 (56) |
Years from first pain episode | 8.9 ± 7.9 | 9.6 ± 8.1 | 9.6 ± 7.4 | 8.3 ± 5.3 |
Married/living together | 57 (86) | 20 (87) | 49 (81) | 21 (84) |
Occupational education < 3 years | 45 (68) | 16 (70) | 38 (66) | 14 (56) |
Work status (%) | ||||
- working | 9 (14) | 2 (9) | 9 (15) | 5 (20) |
- on sick leave | 14 (21) | 6 (26) | 6 (26) | 5 (20) |
- on rehabilitation | 29 (44) | 8 (35) | 22 (38) | 10 (40) |
- disability pension | 10 (15) | 5 (22) | 10 (17) | 5 (20) |
- others 1 | 4 (6) | 2 (8) | 1 (2) | 0 |
Back pain (0-100 = worst possible) | 63 ± 15 | 65 ± 15 | 65 ±13 | 60 ± 13 |
Comorbidity | 24 (36) | 8 (35) | 18 (31) | 7 (28) |
Taking analgesics daily or weekly | 40 (61) | 18 (78) | 40 (69) | 13 (52) |
Smoking | 36 (55) | 11 (48) | 30 (52) | 12 (48) |
Previous surgery for disc herniation | 29 (44) | 10 (43) | 31 (53) | 13 (52) |