Table 1: Surgical treatment options for positive ulnar variance following radial fracture malunion.

Intraarticular USO	Closing wedge osteotomy		An arthrotomy of the DRUJ, osteotomy performed proximal to the articular cartilage. A closing wedge osteotomy at the metaphysis of the distal ulna. Fixation of the osteotomy with cannulated screws placed from distal to proximal, proximal to the TFC, through the nonarticular pole of the ulna, avoiding the articular seat.
	Wafer procedure	Open	Removing of distal 2 - 4 mm of ulnar head with an osteotome, including articular cartilage and subchondral bone while preserving the ulnar styloid process and all TFCC attachments. The majority of the cartilage articulating with the sigmoid notch of the radius is retained to preserve DRUJ function. DÉbridement or repair of the TFCC is also performed.
		Arthroscopic
Extraarticular USO	Subcapital	Oblique	Newer implants that include distal locking capabilities in smaller sized plates permit the osteotomy site to be moved to the subcapital region of the ulna where short healing times through cancellous bone can reliably be achieved. Cut through cancellous bone, proximal to the joint capsule of the DRUJ.
		Transverse
	Diaphyseal	Oblique (with/without arthroscopy)	Two parallel oblique cuts are made followed by removal of the cut bone. Compression with/without compression device. A lag screw is placed through the osteotomy site followed by plate fixation.
		Transverse (woth/without arthroscopy)	Two parallel transverse cuts after which the cut bone is removed. Compression with/without a compression device followed by plate fixation.
		Step-cut	The long arm is cut in the coronal plane parallel to the long axis of the ulna. The 2 short arms are cut perpendciular to the first cut. The bone is removed by cutting parallel to the short arms of the osteotomy and the osteotomy is then reduced after which a lag screw is placed followed by plate fixation.
Other procedures	Darrach procedure		Resection of the ulna head.
	SauvÉ- Kapandji procedure		Fusion of the DRUJ with resection of bone just proximal to the fusion site
	hemiresection- interpositional arthroplasty		Removing of the damaged joint surface while maintaining a strong soft tissue connection of the ulna to the carpus and radius.
	DRUJ prosthesis		Aloarthroplasty of the DRUJ.