Fig. (3) Effect of intraplantar CFA and CCl on spinal pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. CFA-treatment and CCI  resulted in a significant increase in interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) (A) Interleukin-6 (IL-6) (B) Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (C) In lumbar spinal cord tissue homogenates as assessed by ELISA. Statistically significant data are denoted by an asterisk (*),  p<0.05 as compared to control or vehicle-treted rats.