Fuel and stove types |
Child size at birth, n (%) |
Total, n (%) |
Small |
Medium or large |
Fuel for cooking |
Biomass fuel |
49 (20.1) |
195 (79.9) |
244 (23.4) |
Charcoal |
104 (16.3) |
529 (83.6) |
633 (60.7) |
Electricity |
17 (10.3) |
148 (89.7) |
165 (15.8) |
Type of stove |
Open-fire |
142 (18.6) |
622 (81.4) |
764 (73.3) |
Improved |
11 (7.2) |
142 (92.8) |
153 (14.7) |
Electricity |
17 (13.6) |
108 (86.4) |
125 (12) |
Time spent in cooking per day |
1 hour |
23 (9.2) |
228 (90.8) |
251 (24.1) |
2 hours |
81 (16.2) |
420 (83.8) |
501 (48.1) |
≥3 hours |
66 (22.8) |
224 (77.2) |
290 (27.8)) |
HAP Exposure index of mothers |
High |
75 (33.9) |
146 (14.0) |
221 (21.2) |
Moderate |
67 (13.9) |
415 (86.1) |
482 (46.3) |
Low |
28 (8.3) |
311 (91.7) |
339 (32.5) |
Smoke incense frequently |
Yes |
132 (18.7) |
574 (81.3) |
706 (67.8) |
No |
38 (11.3) |
298 (88.7) |
336 (32.2) |
Family member smokes a cigarette |
Yes |
3 (15.8) |
16 (84.2) |
19 (1.8) |
No |
167 (16.3) |
856 (83.7) |
1023 (98.2) |