| References | Reference list Number | Study Context | Data Source | Sample Characteristics | Key Findings | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | Caman, S (2017) | 32 | Sweden | European Homicide Monitor National homicide dataset Forensic Homicide Database |
All solved homicides (N = 1,725) in Sweden between 1990 and 2013. All male-perpetrated homicides (N = 211) in Sweden between 2007 and 2009 All female-perpetrated (n = 9) and stratified male-perpetrated (n = 36) between 2007 and 2009 |
-Decline in male-perpetrated Intimate Partner Homicides (IPH), compared to female-perpetrated IPH -Female-perpetrators likely unemployed, has history of substance use and been victimized by the male victim -Male IPH perpetrators are older, employed, less likely previously convicted and have less persistent criminal histories -Perpetrators of IPH likely to commit suicide |
| 2. | Dufort, M (2015) | 33 | Sweden | Swedish National Public Health Survey, 2004 to 2009, Three separate cohorts of women exposed to IPV: help seekers recruited from women’s shelters and social services; non-help seekers |
Men and women aged 16-84 (2005-2007) and 18-84 years (2004). (n=50,350). |
-Prevalence of physical IPV 0.7% women; 0.4% men -Risk factors were being foreign born, lack of social support, psychological distress and hazardous drinking and financial problems -Increased risk of suicidal thoughts and attempts among male victims -Increased psychological and psychosocial impairments among women seeking help for IPV -Help seeking women were younger, had lower education, still in a relationship with and had children together with the perpetrator. |
| 3. | Sundborg, E (2015) | 22 | Sweden | Nurses and district nurses | Nurses and district nurses working at health centers in two different counties. Nurses and district nurses n=192 11 district nurses for interview District nurses n=304 |
-Nurses lack knowledge and preparedness IPV response -Many had preconceived notions about victims -Nurses screen depending on interest -Nurses commonly referred abused women to doctors. -Intervention to improve IPV response showed positive potentials |
| 4. | Zacarias, A (2012) | 26 | Mozambique | Women visiting Forensic Services | 1442 women aged 15-49 years-old | -Past year prevalence of IPV was 70% -Risk factors were middle/high educational, divorce/separation, children at home, controlling behaviors, being a perpetrator; childhood abuse -About 69% of the women were IPV perpetrators -Mental health symptoms |
| 5. | Okenwa, L (2011) | 24 | Nigeria | women visiting a healthcare facility 2008 Nigeria DHS |
934 Women 15-49 years old 33,385 women and 15,486 men |
-Past year prevalence of IPV 23% psychological, 9% physical and 8% sexual -Risk factors were lack of access to information, women’s autonomy in decision making and contribution to household expenses -54% not willing to disclose IPV -Disclose mostly to only friends, relatives or religious leaders -Only 1% willing to disclose to police - IPV significantly associated with using modern forms of contraception; miscarriages, induced abortions, stillbirths and having many children. -More women than men justified IPV -Access to radio/tv was associated with increased justification of abuse. |
| 6. | Uthman, O (2011) | 35 | Benin, Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Rwanda, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe. | DHS data from 17 subsaharan African countries between 2003-2007 | Women 15-49 years old 165,983 women; 68,501 men |
-More women than men justify IPV -Gender disparity in attitudes - Education, access to information and joint decision making were associated with decreased tolerance of IPV -Neighbourhood and contextual factors influenced levels of IPV tolerance -Risk factors for justifying IPV were living in disadvantaged communities, husband having higher education and polygamy -Tolerant attitudes to and witnessing IPV was significantly associated with disclosing IPV. |
| 7. | Ali, TS (2011) | 29 | Pakistan, health outcomes | Household surveys of 759 living in two different towns Five FGDs with women with diverse sociodemographic background |
Married women aged 25–60 years | -Life time IPV prevalence 57.6% -Past year prevalence 56.3% -Risk factors low education, illiteracy, large family size -Tolerant attitudes to protect family honor - Suicidal thoughts and feelings of worthlessness common among victims. |
| 8. | John, IA (2010) | 30 | Nigeria | Healthcare providers (HCP) and women visiting a teaching hospital in northern Nigeria | Healthcare providers (HCP) comprising of nurses, midwives, doctors and social workers 507 Women visiting the healthcare facility |
-74% Healthcare providers (HCP) did not inquire about IPV -HCP scored low on readiness to screen -Social workers had higher efficacy and network to screen and refer. |
| 9. | Hamzeh, B (2009) | 23 | Iran | Potential victims and perpetrators; stakeholders | 435 Women, 447 Men; 23 key informants from healthcare, religious, judicial etc. sectors 9 males and 13 women attending mandatory premarital education center, 4 female gate keepers, i.e. facilitators at center; |
-Causes of IPV identified by men and women were partner’s addiction, mental disorder, unemployment, unsuitable clothes etc. -Victim blaming among key informants -Participants suggest familiarity with women’s rights according to Islamic laws as solution -Observed gender differences in participants suggestions for interventions. |
| 10. | Dalal, K (2008) | 31 | India | Multi source | married women between aged 14-49yr 719 boys; 681 girls in India 4411 Household surveys in two sub-districts in rural Bangladesh 14016 women from 2005 DHS Egypt 5878 women from Kenyan DHS 2003 |
-Mothers’ exposure and IPV tolerance were determinants of child abuse -Religion, illiteracy, suspected husband’s infidelilty, large age difference between partners, dowry are risk factors for IPV -In Bangladesh 41% physical abuse; 5% sustenance abuse -In Kenya 11% emotional, 11% sexual and 25% physical IPV. -The economic burden of violence arising from injury, death, deprivation and others are enormous especially on families. |
| 11. | Vung N (2008) | 28 | Vietnam | 5 FGDs Household surveys |
883 married/partnered women aged 17-60 years | -30.9% lifetime and 8.3% past year IPV -Psychological IPV most prevalent; 33% past year and 54.4% lifetime -Risk factors, low education, polygamy, women witnessing IPV between parents, low household income, low occupational status. -Health consequences were depression, chronic pains and suicidal thoughts. |
| 12. | Kaye, D (2006) | 25 | Uganda | Women visiting antenatal and post natal clinics | - 379 women attending antenatal clinic -16 in depth interviews with pregnant adolescents -Case control study of 942 women seeking post-abortion care -Prospective cohort of women with low birth weight babies and antepartum hospitalisation |
-57% moderate to severe IPV associated with being adolescent, abuse in childhood and first pregnancy. -Risk factors are bride price, modernisation, urban migration, men’s unemployment, misconceptions about pregnancy changes, household division of labour, negotiating for sex. -Women seeking induced abortion were 18 times likely to be experiencing IPV. -19% of low birth weight and 74% antepartum hospitalisations were attributable to IPV. |
| 13. | Rubertsson, C (2004) | 34 | Sweden | National cohort of 4600 Swedish-speaking women | women in antenatal and postnatal care | - IPV prevalence first post partum year was 2% i.e. 52 women -Only 3 women reported to police. -IPV determinants were age 24 years or younger, country of birth outside Europe, having a partner born outside Europe, being single and being unemployed. |