Table 2: Data sources and measurements.

variable Description Measurement Source
HLTotc Health outcomes – Index of maternal mortality, female life expectancy and prevalence of anemia among non-pregnant women Index Data on variables were sourced from WDI
chw Community health workers (per 1,000 people) Number WDI
phy Physicians (per 1,000 people) Number WDI
nmw Nurses and midwives (per 1,000 people) Number WDI
Hbd Hospital beds (per 1,000 people) Number WDI
gdpk GDP per capita (constant 2010 US$) Monetary WDI
exp Out-of-pocket expenditure (% of current health expenditure) Percentage WDI
pdn Population density (people per sq. km of land area) Number WDI
Ael Access to electricity (% of population) Percentage WDI
fhh Female headed household (% of household with a female head) Percentage WDI
Afi Account ownership at a financial institution or with a mobile-money service provider, female (% of population 15+) Percentage WDI
fp Labour force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15+) Percentage WDI
Haid Total official development assistance for health Number Institute of Health Metric Evaluation (IHME)
Inst Average of the six indicators including: control of corruption, government effectiveness, political stability and absence of violence & terrorism, regulatory quality, rule of law and voice and accountability Scale World Governance Inductor of World Bank Publication (2016)

Source: compiled by authors