| Cohorts | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2015 | 2016 | Total | |||||||
| Variables | Odds ratio | 95% CI | p value | Odds ratio | 95% CI | p value | Odds ratio | 95% CI | p value |
| Age group, years | |||||||||
| <65 | Reference | ||||||||
| 65-75 | 2.08 | 1.59 - 2.73 | <0.001 | 2.29 | 1.77 - 2.97 | <0.001 | 2.16 | 1.79 - 2.61 | <0.001 |
| >75 | 1.66 | 1.27 - 2.17 | <0.001 | 1.65 | 1.28 - 2.13 | <0.001 | 1.64 | 1.36 - 1.97 | <0.001 |
| Race | |||||||||
| White non-Hispanic | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||
| Black non-Hispanic | 1.00 | 0.77 - 1.31 | 0.994 | 1.16 | 0.87 - 1.55 | 0.313 | 1.08 | 0.89 - 1.32 | 0.448 |
| Hispanic | 1.09 | 0.82 - 1.43 | 0.558 | 1.38 | 1.05 - 1.81 | 0.023 | 1.21 | 0.99 - 1.48 | 0.059 |
| Other | 0.89 | 0.65 - 1.24 | 0.498 | 0.89 | 0.65 - 1.23 | 0.482 | 0.89 | 0.71 - 1.12 | 0.332 |
| Education | |||||||||
| No high school | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||
| High school | 1.27 | 1.01 - 1.59 | 0.041 | 1.07 | 0.86 - 1.33 | 0.556 | 1.16 | 0.99 - 1.36 | 0.063 |
| Above high school | 1.49 | 1.19 - 1.87 | <0.001 | 1.31 | 1.06 - 1.63 | 0.013 | 1.40 | 1.20 - 1.64 | <0.001 |
| Marital status | |||||||||
| Married | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||
| Widowed | 0.90 | 0.71 - 1.14 | 0.383 | 0.87 | 0.69 - 1.09 | 0.226 | 0.88 | 0.75 - 1.05 | 0.149 |
| Divorced/separated | 1.00 | 0.79 - 1.27 | 0.981 | 0.83 | 0.66 - 1.04 | 0.102 | 0.89 | 0.76 - 1.05 | 0.18 |
| Never Married | 0.56 | 0.41 - 0.76 | <0.001 | 0.60 | 0.45 - 0.80 | <0.001 | 0.59 | 0.47 - 0.72 | <0.001 |
| Income, annual | |||||||||
| <$25,000 | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||
| >$25,000 | 1.71 | 1.40 - 2.10 | <0.001 | 1.02 | 0.83 - 1.25 | 0.863 | 1.32 | 1.14 - 1.52 | <0.001 |
| Dual coverage (Medicare and Medicaid) | |||||||||
| No | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||
| Yes | 0.76 | 0.58 - 1.00 | 0.05 | 0.84 | 0.65 - 1.09 | 0.188 | 0.81 | 0.67 - 0.98 | 0.03 |
| Has private insurance | |||||||||
| No | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||
| Yes | 0.93 | 0.76 - 1.14 | 0.509 | 1.22 | 1.01 - 1.47 | 0.039 | 1.07 | 0.93 - 1.23 | 0.318 |
| Has Medicare advantage | |||||||||
| No | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||
| Yes | 2.14 | 1.66 - 2.77 | <0.001 | 1.99 | 1.57 - 2.53 | <0.001 | 2.05 | 1.72 - 2.44 | <0.001 |
| Body weight | |||||||||
| Healthy | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||
| Underweight | 1.34 | 0.68 - 2.64 | 0.404 | 1.35 | 0.66 - 2.73 | 0.411 | 1.31 | 0.79 - 2.15 | 0.291 |
| Overweight | 1.64 | 1.36 - 1.99 | <0.001 | 1.23 | 1.03 - 1.46 | 0.023 | 1.41 | 1.23 - 1.60 | <0.001 |
| Obese | 1.52 | 1.22 - 1.89 | <0.001 | 1.35 | 1.11 - 1.64 | 0.003 | 1.41 | 1.22 - 1.64 | <0.001 |
| No. of ADLs | |||||||||
| 0 | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||
| 1 | 0.81 | 0.63 - 1.05 | 0.108 | 0.84 | 0.67 - 1.06 | 0.139 | 0.83 | 0.70 - 0.98 | 0.032 |
| >=2 | 0.91 | 0.76 - 1.09 | 0.287 | 0.90 | 0.75 - 1.07 | 0.224 | 0.91 | 0.80 - 1.03 | 0.135 |
| No. of outpatient visits | |||||||||
| None | Reference | ||||||||
| 1 to 5 | 1.96 | 1.49 - 2.58 | <0.001 | 1.62 | 1.25 - 2.10 | <0.001 | 1.78 | 1.47 - 2.16 | <0.001 |
| 6 to 10 | 2.46 | 1.84 - 3.28 | <0.001 | 2.25 | 1.71 - 2.97 | <0.001 | 2.33 | 1.90 - 2.84 | <0.001 |
| 11 to 15 | 3.20 | 2.32 - 4.43 | <0.001 | 2.44 | 1.77 - 3.36 | <0.001 | 2.77 | 2.20 - 3.48 | <0.001 |
| 16 to 20 | 2.00 | 1.24 - 3.24 | 0.005 | 3.32 | 2.22 - 4.97 | <0.001 | 2.61 | 1.88 - 3.62 | <0.001 |
| > 20 | 5.17 | 3.14 - 8.52 | <0.001 | 2.86 | 1.85 - 4.43 | <0.001 | 3.80 | 2.73 - 5.29 | <0.001 |
| Year | |||||||||
| 2015 | Reference | ||||||||
| 2016 | 0.95 | 0.85 - 1.05 | 0.305 | ||||||