Table 1: Characteristics of Study Patients (1,890 Patients).

Patient Characteristics No (%)
Age (year) Mean / Standard deviation 57.56 / 12.10
Sex, male 1,050 (55.58)
Education
  Primary 153 (8.10)
  Junior High 220 (11.65)
  High school / Vocational 368 (19.49)
  Diploma 330 (17.47)
  Bachelor 684 (36.20)
  Post graduate 120 (6.33)
  Other 14 (0.76)
Occupation
  Farmers 120 (6.33)
  Government 196 (10.38)
  Contractor 283 (10.25)
  Employees 411 (31.77)
  Student 72 (13.80)
  Business 536 (18.35)
  Other 172 (9.11)
Duration of diabetes
  <5 year 590(31.23)
  5-10 year 500 (26.45)
  11-20 year 536 (28.35)
  >20 year 264 (13.97)
Body Mass Index
  <18.5, underweight 296(15.76)
  18.5-24.9, normal 217(11.49)
  25.0-29.9, overweight 561(29.67)
  30.0-34.9, obese class 1 411(21.77)
  35.0-39.9, obese class 2 82(4.33)
  >40 obese class 3 321(16.98)
Complications and Comorbidities
Nephropathy 636(33.63)
  Retinopathy 411(21.75)
  Neuropathy 3255(17.19)
  Coronary artery disease 239(12.62)
  Multi-complication 239(12.62)
Other comorbid health problems
  Hypertension 231(12.2)
  Ischemic heart disease 610(32.3)
  Stroke 913(48.3)
  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 215(11.4)
Drug Class or Description
Insulin 828(43.80)
Oral diabetes medications
  Biguanide 659(34.89)
  Sulfonylurea 828(43.81)
  Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor 54(2.84)
  Thiazolidinedione 432(22.87)
Antihypertensives 1281(67.80)
Aspirin 607(32.10)
Any lipid-lowering drug 1037(54.89)
ACE Inhibitor or ARB 115(59.00)
Diet 451(23.87)
HbA1c
< 7.0% 808(42.74)
7.0% to 7.9% 415(21.95)
8.0% to 8.9% 299(15.84)
9.0% to 9.9% 205(10.86)
> 10.0% 163(8.61)