| Codes | Axial codes | Sub-themes | Themes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pain relief, restlessness relief | Physical relief | Destructive but narcotic | The meaning of addiction |
| Soothes the nerves, gives a sense of mental relaxation and relief of feeling inferior | Mental-psychological relief | ||
| Non-normality of the physical system, gradual dependency of the body to the drug, dependence on recurrent drug use, increase in the amount of drug use compared to the past, the phenomenon of tolerance to the drug, impairment in physical performance, severe pain in case of not taking, severe seizures, continuous use, a gradual trend to routine drug use, lack of control over time and amount of taking, gradual increase in amount of drug use, dependency to drug abuse | Physical dependence | Dependence | |
| Psychological dependence, mental symptoms of withdrawal, experience of mental symptoms in the case of not using, depression, anxiety, fear, low self esteem | Mental dependence | ||
| Influenced by people, influenced by the environment, (school, street, park), having no power to say no to people outside home | Environment outside home | Social gaps | Causal Conditions |
| Addicted family, addicted classmates, addicted friends | Individuals related to the child | ||
| Delinquency, theft, begging on the streets, working children | Social pitfalls | ||
| Low control on access to drugs, increasing concerns about drug use in the community, existence of drugs in the family | Easy access to drugs in the community | ||
| Economic difficulty in families, parents not having good jobs, child not having pocket money | Financial poverty | Economic gaps | |
| Not having good toys, a good house, good clothes, good food | Lack of facilities at home | ||
| Not having a good relationship with parents, low knowledge of the family, lack of understanding of the child from the family, illiteracy of parents | Low educational of parents | Cultural gaps | |
| Not having awareness of the dangers of society, being under the influence of bad friends, contact with addicted people, born in a family with cultural poverty | Lack of understanding of community issues | ||
| Reduction of spiritual health, not internalizing the beliefs and religious values, family not being religious, the faded role of religion in the family | Low adherence to religious beliefs | Religious gaps | |
| Forcing the children to beg, unemployed parents, imprisoned parents, addicted parents, neglect of parents | Irresponsible parents | Family gaps | |
| Child without a parent, loss of parents, wishing the parents were alive | Absence of parents | ||
| Lack of understanding the child by the family, not providing mental and emotional relief for the child by family, bad behavior of parents | Lack of attention to the children from the family | ||
| Lack of checking the behaviors, lack of checking the child's peers | Lack of supervision on the child's behaviors and communications | ||
| Hangover, body aches, severe nausea, back pain, restlessness, bone pain, convulsions, self-harm, no desire for food | Physical Symptoms | Physical consequences | Consequences of addiction |
| Not having peace, crying, being shy, being sensitive, being confused, being disorganized | Hopelessness | Psychological consequences | |
| Mood changes, depression, sleep disorders, low self esteem | Depression | ||
| School dropout, low literacy of the family, lack of interest in education, interest in working and earning money | Illiteracy | Cultural Consequences | |
| Poor social relations, poor communications, not finding a good job | Social life | ||
| Having no sense of responsibility to family and community, undermining social position, lack of sociability towards others, dropping out of school, reduced quality of life, isolation and depression | Individual | Social consequences | |
| Weak human relations, increasing crimes and imprisonment, rising inequality and poverty, spread of divorce and family disintegration | Social | ||
| Keep track of the child's family, creating inner peace in children, strengthen the sense of responsibility in children, empathizing with the child, keeping the child’s secrets, filling the leisure time of the child, creating a sense of hope for the future in children, making effective verbal communication | Social Aid worker | Defensive barriers | Preventive strategies |
| Fill the emotional gap in children, fill the leisure time of children, living a sense of hope for the future in children, making effective verbal communication | Psychologist | ||
| Having good peers in the center, not having addicted friends, imitating peers | Peer | ||
| Sympathy with children, holding literacy classes for children, creating a sense of hope for the future in children, filling the leisure time of children | Benefactor | ||
| Attention to children, providing mental and emotional comfort for the child, keeping track of children and their peers, lack of drug addiction in the family and parents, teaching the child about addictive drugs and their dangers | Family | ||
| Life skills training, raising awareness about the types of drugs and the effects of taking them, school meetings with parents, creating a sense for studying and healthy living | School | ||
| Role modeling of teacher for children, communicating with children, child's awareness about the types of drugs and its consumption consequences, the impact of teacher behavior on children, giving a sense of hope to the children | Teacher | ||
| For family: providing training opportunities for parents, raising awareness of parents For Children: filling the leisure time of the child, keeping track of the child's family, providing welfare services for the children, providing employment opportunities for children, life skills training, providing health care to children, strengthen the sense of responsibility, literacy classes for children, facilitating the return of children to their family, providing the child with identity by getting a the birth certificate |
Welfare Center |