Table 1: Descriptive statistic of number of deaths.
| Characteristics |
Total; n=400 (%) |
Urban; n=283 (%) |
Rural; n=117 (%) |
p-value |
| Age (years) M±SD |
49.1±13.8 |
45.0±12.9 |
58.8±10.7 |
< 0.001 |
| Age (years, %) |
- |
- |
- |
< 0.001 |
| 25-34 |
79 (19.8) |
77 (27.2) |
2 (1.7) |
- |
| 35-44 |
92 (23.0) |
80 (28.3) |
12 (10.3) |
- |
| 45-54 |
75 (18.8) |
53 (18.7) |
22 (18.8) |
- |
| 55-64 |
89 (22.3) |
49 (17.3) |
40 (34.2) |
- |
| ≥65 |
65 (16.3) |
24 (8.5) |
41 (35.0) |
- |
| Gender |
- |
- |
- |
0.08 |
| Men |
95 (23.8) |
74 (26.1) |
21 (17.9) |
- |
| Women |
305 (76.3) |
209 (73.9) |
96 (82.1) |
- |
| Marital status |
- |
- |
- |
< 0.001 |
| Never married |
163 (40.8) |
136 (48.1) |
27 (23.1) |
- |
| Married |
134 (33.5) |
86 (30.4) |
48 (41.0) |
- |
| Widowed |
65 (16.3) |
32 (11.3) |
33 (28.2) |
- |
| Divorced/separated/others |
38 (9.5) |
29 (10.2) |
9 (7.7) |
- |
| Education |
- |
- |
- |
0.001 |
| None |
5 (1.3) |
2 (0.7) |
3 (2.6) |
- |
| Primary (Grade 1-7) |
122 (30.5) |
71 (25.1) |
51 (43.6) |
- |
| Secondary (Grade 8-12) |
256 (64.0) |
197 (69.6) |
59 (50.4) |
- |
| Vocational/Trade/Tertiary |
17 (4.3) |
13 (4.6) |
4 (3.4) |
- |
| Employment status |
- |
- |
- |
0.007 |
| Employed |
113 (28.2) |
91 (32.2) |
22 (18.8) |
- |
| Unemployed |
287 (71.8) |
192 (67.8) |
95 (81.2) |
- |
| House income (ZAR) |
- |
- |
- |
< 0.001 |
| ≤R2000 |
211 (52.8) |
126 (44.5) |
85 (72.6) |
- |
| R2001-R5000 |
146 (36.5) |
117 (41.3) |
29 (24.8) |
- |
| R5001-R10000 |
39 (9.7) |
37 (13.1) |
2 (1.7) |
- |
| >R10000 |
4 (1.0) |
3 (1.1) |
1 (0.9) |
- |
| Groceries expenses (ZAR) |
- |
- |
- |
0.22 |
| ≤R1000 |
309 (77.2) |
214 (75.5) |
95 (81.2) |
- |
| R1001-R2000 |
1 (0.3) |
1 (0.4) |
0 (0.0) |
- |
| R2001-R3000 |
87 (21.7) |
67 (23.7) |
20 (17.1) |
- |
| >R3000 |
3 (0.8) |
1 (0.4) |
2 (1.7) |
- |
| Groceries Purchase location |
- |
- |
- |
< 0.001 |
| Shoprite/U-save/Checkers |
231 (57.8) |
209 (73.9) |
22 (18.8) |
- |
| Pick n’ Pay |
28 (7.0) |
28 (9.9) |
0 (0.0) |
- |
| Spar |
81 (20.3) |
13 (4.6) |
68 (58.1) |
- |
| Spaza shop/cafe |
38 (9.5) |
29 (10.2) |
9 (7.7) |
- |
| Others |
22 (5.5) |
4 (1.4) |
18 (15.4) |
- |
| Reasons for purchase in a particular location |
- |
- |
- |
< 0.001 |
| Fresh/cheap/clean environment |
89 (22.3) |
45 (15.9) |
44 (37.6) |
- |
| Cheap/affordability/special |
179 (44.8) |
131 (46.3) |
48 (41.0) |
- |
| Nearness (proximity) |
114 (28.5) |
95 (33.6) |
19 (16.2) |
- |
| All/access to grant |
18 (4.5) |
12 (4.2) |
6 (5.2) |
- |
| Mode of traveling to buy groceries |
- |
- |
- |
< 0.001 |
| Taxi |
156 (39.0) |
73 (25.8) |
83 (70.9) |
- |
| Bus |
70 (17.5) |
70 (24.7) |
0 (0.0) |
- |
| Train |
16 (4.0) |
16 (5.7) |
0 (0.0) |
- |
| Own vehicle |
36 (9.0) |
9 (3.2) |
27 (23.1) |
- |
| Walking/others |
122 (30.5) |
115 (40.6) |
7 (6.0) |
- |
| Engagement in PA |
- |
- |
- |
0.011 |
| Yes |
337 (84.3) |
230 (81.3) |
107 (91.5) |
- |
| No |
63 (15.8) |
53 (18.7) |
10 (8.5) |
- |
Note: N group size, ZAR South African Rand, PA physical activity
M mean, SD Standard deviation.