Table 3: The occurrence and levels of aflatoxin M1 (ng/kg) in various yoghurt samples published in previous studies.
| Location |
No. of Samples |
No. Positive Samples (%) |
Detection Method |
Mean (ng/kg) |
Range (ng/kg) |
Exceeded Regulation, n (%) |
Reference |
| Iran |
61 |
30 (49.2) |
TLC |
26 |
15 – 102 |
10 (16.4) |
Fallah et al. [34] |
| Turkey |
80 |
70 (87.5) |
ELISA |
66.1 |
10 – 475 |
16 (20) |
Atasever et al. [28] |
| Iran |
60 |
59 (98.33) |
ELISA |
51.66 |
6.2 – 87 |
38 (63.33) |
Issazadeh et al. [35] |
| Turkey |
26 |
26 (100) |
ELISA |
238 |
125 – 269 |
26 (100) |
Tosun et al. [27] |
| Pakistan |
96 |
59 (61) |
HPLC |
90.4 |
4 – 615.8 |
28 (47) |
Iqbal et al. [34] |
| Pakistan |
96 |
32 (33.33 ) |
HPLC |
90.4 |
LOD – 880 |
21 (21.87) |
Iqbal et al. [37] |
| Turkey |
50 |
50 (100) |
ELISA |
55.28 |
40.62 – 72.04 |
5 (10) |
Temamogullari & Kanici [38] |
| Iran |
60 |
48 (80) |
ELISA |
130.5 |
19.7 – 319.4 |
3 (5) |
Rahimi [39] |
| Iran (Traditional) |
40 |
40 (100) |
ELISA |
33.6 |
6 – 91 |
1 (2.5) |
Mason et al. [25] |
| Iran |
42 |
10 (23.8) |
ELISA |
15.1 |
6.3 – 21.3 |
0 |
Bahrami et al. [40] |
| South Korea |
55 |
15 (27.27) |
HPLC |
51* |
20 – 150 |
NR |
Kim-Soo et al. [41] |
| Malaysia |
5 |
2 (40) |
ELISA |
16.45* |
7.5 – 31 |
0 |
Nadira et al. [42] |
| Pakistan |
66 |
26 (39.39) |
HPLC |
56 |
LOD – 196.3 |
8 (12.12) |
Iqbal et al. [43] |
| Qatar |
21 |
16 (76.1) |
ELISA |
31.32 |
4.16-38.21 |
0 |
Hassan et al. [44] |
| Kenya |
38 |
NR |
ELISA |
117 |
17 – 1100 |
25 (65.78 ) |
Lindahl et al. [45] |
| China |
27 |
15 (55.5) |
ELISA |
17.2 |
4 – 47 |
0 |
Guo et al. [46] |
*Mean of positive samples; NR: Not reporte