| Characteristics | Elderly with DM | Caregiver |
|---|---|---|
| N (%) | N (%) | |
| Personal characteristics | ||
| Relationship to the elderly patient Spouse Son Daughter Brother or sister |
- |
104 (76.5) 13 (9.6) 8 (5.9) 11 (8.1) |
| Gender Male Female |
41(30.1) 95 (69.9) |
72 (52.9) 64 (47.1) |
| Age (years) [mean±SD] | 65.65±3.45 | 59.95±11.96 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) [mean±SD] | 25.27±3.17 | |
| Marital Status Married Single Divorced/Widowed/Separated |
104 (75.7) 16 (11.8) 17 (12.5) |
118 (86.8) 12 (8.8) 6 (4.4) |
| Education Senior high/Diploma Bachelor |
39 (28.7) 97 (71.3) |
19 (14.0) 117 (86.0) |
| Currently working | 5 (3.7) | 30 (22.1) |
| Health care provider | 25 (18.4) | 19 (14.0) |
| Duration of DM diagnosis (years) [mean±SD] | 4.47±1.89 | - |
| Other underlying diseases | 80 (58.8) | - |
| Other drug history besides DM drugs Antihypertensives Diuretics Dyslipidemia Anticoagulant Psychotropics More than 4 types of drug |
75 (55.1) 45 (33.1) 6 (4.4) 31 (22.8) 2 (1.5) 0 (0.0) 6 (4.4) |
- |
| Drink alcohol | 53 (39.0) | - |
| Exercise None < 3 times per week ≥ 3 times per week |
25 (18.4) 64 (47.1) 47 (34.6) |
- |
| Sleep problems None Slightly Moderate |
40 (29.4) 77 (56.6) 19 (14.0) |
- |
| Balance problems | 67 (49.3) | - |
| Incontinence or constipation problems | 17 (12.5) | - |
| Use of progressive lenses | 45 (33.1) | - |
| Wears slippers at home | 69 (50.7) | - |
| Wears socks at home | 12 (8.8) | - |
| Uses stairs | 75 (55.1) | - |
| Care characteristics | ||
| Days dedicated to provide care for the elderly 5 6 7 |
- |
8 (5.9) 15 (11.0) 113 (83.1) |
| Period of time spent as a caregiver Daytime Nighttime Daytime & Nighttime |
- |
3 (2.2) 27 (19.9) 106 (77.9) |
| Previous experience caring for the elderly | - | 31 (22.8) |
| Environmental characteristics | ||
| Home design One-story house Two-story house |
73 (53.7) 63 (46.3) |
- |
| Type of floors Wood Tile |
34 (25.0) 102 (75.0) |
- |
| Poor lighting in the bedroom | 22 (16.2) | - |
| Risk factors in the bathroom | 124 (91.2) | - |
| Risk factors in the kitchen | 45 (33.1) | - |
| Risk factors on the floor | 96 (70.6) | - |