Table 3: Factors associated with falls in elderly patients with uncontrolled diabetes by univariable analysis, logistic regression (N=136).
Factors |
B |
S.E. |
OR (95% CI) |
p-value |
Elderly patient factors |
|
|
|
|
Age (years) |
0.14 |
0.05 |
1.15 (1.04, 1.28) |
0.008* |
BMI (kg/m2) |
0.12 |
0.06 |
1.13 (1.01, 1.26) |
0.039* |
Marital status |
|
|
|
|
Married |
Ref. |
|
|
|
Single |
-0.81 |
0.57 |
0.45 (0.14, 1.37) |
0.159 |
Divorced/Widowed/Separated |
-0.89 |
0.57 |
0.41 (0.13, 1.24) |
0.115 |
Duration of DM diagnosis (years) |
0.60 |
0.13 |
1.82 (1.41, 2.34) |
<0.001* |
Other underlying diseases |
1.81 |
0.40 |
6.11 (2.79, 13.37) |
<0.001* |
Other drug history besides DM drugs |
1.50 |
0.38 |
4.46 (2.14, 9.31) |
<0.001* |
Exercise |
|
|
|
|
≥ 3 times per week |
Ref. |
|
|
|
< 3 times per week |
1.21 |
0.60 |
3.37 (1.03, 10.97) |
0.044* |
None |
2.52 |
0.63 |
12.38 (3.59, 42.70) |
<0.001* |
Sleep problems |
|
|
|
|
None |
Ref. |
|
|
|
Slightly |
0.92 |
0.43 |
2.50 (1.07, 5.82) |
0.033* |
Moderate |
3.24 |
0.83 |
25.50 (4.99, 130.23) |
<0.001* |
Balance problems |
2.82 |
0.44 |
16.81 (7.15, 39.52) |
<0.001* |
Incontinence/constipation problems |
3.23 |
1.05 |
25.39 (3.26,197.97) |
0.002* |
Use of progressive lenses |
1.77 |
0.41 |
5.88 (2.66, 13.01) |
<0.001* |
Wears slippers at home |
0.79 |
0.35 |
2.20 (1.10, 4.37) |
0.025* |
Environmental factors |
|
|
|
|
Home design |
0.76 |
0.35 |
2.13 (1.07, 4.24) |
0.031* |
Type of floors |
0.92 |
0.43 |
2.50 (1.08, 5.75) |
0.032* |
Poor lighting in the bedroom |
1.03 |
0.50 |
2.79 (1.05, 7.44) |
0.040* |
Risk factors in the kitchen |
1.02 |
0.38 |
2.76 (1.32, 5.77) |
0.007* |
Risk factors on the floor |
1.27 |
0.42 |
3.55 (1.56, 8.06) |
0.003* |
Time Up & Go Test (sec) |
1.16 |
0.18 |
3.18 (2.23, 4.55) |
<0.001* |
Informal caregiver’s factors |
|
|
|
|
Relationship to the elderly patient |
|
|
|
|
Spouse |
Ref. |
|
|
|
Son |
-0.15 |
0.59 |
0.86 (0.27, 2.72) |
0.794 |
Daughter |
-0.41 |
0.93 |
0.67 (0.11, 4.16) |
0.664 |
Brother or sister |
-1.50 |
0.81 |
0.22 (0.05, 1.08) |
0.062 |
Age (years) |
0.03 |
0.02 |
1.03 (0.99, 1.06) |
0.091 |
Education |
-1.72 |
0.59 |
0.18 (0.06, 0.57) |
0.004* |
Currently working |
-0.85 |
0.44 |
0.43 (0.18, 1.02) |
0.056 |
Health care provider |
-1.69 |
0.66 |
0.18 (0.51, 0.67) |
0.010* |
Caregiver’s awareness (scores) |
-0.22 |
0.03 |
0.80 (0.76, 0.86) |
<0.001* |
Abbreviations: B = regression coefficient, S.E. = standard error, OR = odds ratio, CI = confidence interval, Ref. = reference group.
Note: Variables: other underlying diseases (no = 0, yes = 1); drug history besides DM drugs (no = 0, yes = 1); balance problems (no = 0, yes = 1); incontinence problems (no = 0, yes = 1); use of progressive lenses (no = 0, yes = 1); wears slippers at home (no = 0, yes = 1); home design (one-story house = 0, two-story house = 1); type of floor (wood = 0, tile = 1); poor lighting in the bedroom (no = 0, yes = 1); risk factors in the kitchen (no = 0, yes = 1); risk factors on the floor (no = 0, yes = 1); education (senior high/diploma = 0, bachelor = 1); currently working (no = 0, yes = 1); health care provider (no = 0, yes = 1); age (years), BMI (kg/m2), duration of DM diagnosis (years), Time Up & Go Test, and caregiver’s awareness = continuous data.
*Significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).