Table 3: Chi-square score of categorical variables in relation to sleep disturbance among patients with schizophrenia at Jimma University medical center, 2019 (n=411).

Variables Category Sleep Disturbance X2 Asy. Sig
(2-sided) 		V-test
Yes (%) No (%)
Age 18-44
45-64		 156 (68.4)
137 (74.9)		 72 (31.6)
46 (25.1)		 1.76 0.19 0.07
Sex Male
Female		 206 (71.0)
87 (71.9)		 84 (29.0)
34 (28.1)		 0.003 0.95 0.01
Educational status No formal education
Primary (1-8)
Secondary (9-12)
Above secondary		 61 (64.9)
105 (76.6)
82 (74.5)
45 (64.3)		 33 (35.1)
32 (23.4)
28 (25.5)
25 (35.7)		 6.04 0.11 0.12
Occupation Gov’t employee
Self employed
Jobless		 84 (69.4)
144 (75.0)
65 (66.3)		 37 (30.6)
48 (25.0)
33 (33.7)		 2.68 0.26 0.08
Place of residence Urban
Rural		 167 (82.3)
126 (60.6)		 36 (17.7)
82 (39.4)		 22.56 < 0.001 0.24
Marital status Never married
Married
Divorced
Widowed		 69 (65.7)
116 (68.2)
69 (77.5)
39 (83.0)		 36 (34.3)
54 (31.8)
20 (22.5)
8 (17.0)		 7.20 0.07 0.13
Family status 1-5
≥ 6		 167 (72.9)
126 (69.2)		 62 (27.1)
56 (30.8)		 0.51 0.48 0.04
Current medication Typical antipsychotics
Atypical antipsychotics		 163 (73.4)
130 (68.8)		 59 (26.6)
59 (31.2)		 0.86 0.35 0.05
PANSS Positive Less than mean
Greater than mean		 149 (59.8)
144 (88.9)		 100 (40.2)
18 (11.1)		 39.10 < 0.001 0.31
PANSS negative Less than mean
Greater than mean		 148 (62.4)
145 (83.3)		 89 (37.6)
29 (16.7)		 20.38 < 0.001 0.23
PANSS general Less than mean
Greater than mean		 162 (63.3)
131 (84.5)		 94 (36.7)
24 (15.5)		 20.25 < 0.001 0.23

Note:
X2 – Chi-square
PANSS Positive – sub-scale of positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) to measure positive symptoms of psychotic disorders.
PANSS negative - sub-scale of positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) to measure negative symptoms of psychotic disorders.
PANSS general - sub-scale of positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) to measure general psychopathologies in patients with psychotic disorders.