Table 4: Independent samples t-test for comparisons of means for WHOQOL and PANSS score on sleep disturbances for patients with schizophrenia at Jimma University medical center, 2019 (n=411).

Variables Sleep Disturbance M±SD t-value p-value 95% CI Eta squared
WHOQOL Domains
Physical Yes
No		 22.02±4.00
22.10±4.32		 0.17 0.87 -0.80, 0.95 < 0.001
Psychological Yes
No		 13.72±4.32
17.30±3.55		 7.97 < 0.001 2.69, 4.45 0.13
Social Yes
No		 3.92±2.51
6.34±2.90		 8.46 < 0.001 1.86, 2.98 0.15
Environmental Yes
No		 22.97±3.47
23.43±3.71		 1.21 0.23 -0.29, 1.22 0.004
WHOQOL-overall Yes
No		 57.60±16.87
73.62±13.24		 9.24 < 0.001 12.61, 19.43 0.17
PANSS Scales
Positive Yes
No		 17.25±9.31
10.80±6.86		 6.81 < 0.001 -8.31, -4.59 0.10
Negative Yes
No		 11.45±4.40
9.75±4.34		 3.55 < 0.001 -2.64, -0.76 0.03
General Yes
No		 24.68±8.70
20.74±7.74		 4.28 < 0.001 -5.74, -2.13 0.01

M= Mean SD= standard deviation.