Table 3: Association between health status and the psychological responses/adverse mental health status of COVID-19 (n = 336).

Variables N (%) PTSD (IES-R) Stress (DASS) Anxiety (DASS) Depression (DASS)
Yes No p Yes No p Yes No p Yes No p
Self-evaluation of health status
  Poor/very poor 11 (3.3%) 5 (45.5%) 6 (54.5%) 0.003 7 (63.6%) 4 (36.4%) 0.001 8 (72.7%) 3 (27.3%) 0.001 8 (72.7%) 3 (27.3%) 0.000
  Average 45 (13.4%) 23 (51.1%) 22 (48.9%) 28 (62.2%) 17 (37.8%) 29 (64.4%) 16 (35.6%) 33 (73.3%) 12 (26.7%)
  Good/very good 280 (83.3%) 76 (27.1%) 204 (72.9%) 78 (27.9%) 202 (72.1%) 79 (28.2%) 201 (71.8%) 104 (37.1%) 176 (62.9%)
Suffering from chronic disease
  Yes 28 (8.3%) 13 (46.4%) 15 (53.6%) 0.064 10 (35.7%) 18 (64.3%) 0.807 12 (42.9%) 16 (57.1%) 0.333 16 (57.1%) 12 (42.9%) 0.119
  No 308 (91.7%) 91 (29.5%) 217 (70.5%) 103 (33.4%) 205 (66.6%) 104 (33.8%) 204 (66.2%) 129 (41.9%) 179 (58.1%)
Diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder
  Yes 55 (16.4%) 27 (49.1%) 28 (50.9%) 0.001 34 (61.8%) 21 (38.2%) 0.001 37 (67.3%) 18 (32.7%) 0.001 40 (72.7%) 15 (27.3%) 0.001
  No 281 (83.6%) 77 (27.4%) 204 (72.6%) 79 (28.1%) 202 (71.9%) 79 (28.1%) 202 (71.9%) 105 (37.4%) 176 (62.6%)
Anxiety disorders
  Yes 31 (9.2%) 14 (45.2%) 17 (54.8%) 0.072 20 (64.5%) 11 (35.5%) 0.000 23 (74.2%) 8 (25.8%) 0.001 26 (83.9%) 5 (16.1%) 0.001*
  No 305 (90.8%) 90 (29.5%) 215 (70.5%) 93 (30.5%) 212 (69.5%) 93 (30.5%) 212 (69.5%) 119 (39.0%) 186 (61.0%)
Depression disorders
  Yes 34 (10.1%) 14 (41.2%) 20 (58.8%) 0.174 19 (55.9%) 15 (44.1%) 0.004 21 (61.8%) 13 (38.2%) 0.001 24 (70.6%) 10 (29.4%) 0.001
  No 302 (89.9%) 90 (29.8%) 212 (70.2%) 94 (31.1%) 208 (68.9%) 95 (31.5%) 207 (68.5%) 121 (40.1%) 181 (59.9%)
Obsessive-compulsive disorders
  Yes 13 (3.9%) 7 (53.8%) 6 (46.2%) 0.069 9 (69.2%) 4 (30.8%) 0.013* 10 (76.9%) 3 (23.1%) 0.002* 9 (69.2%) 4 (30.8%) 0.083*
  No 323 (96.1%) 97 (30.0%) 226 (70.0%) 104 (32.2%) 219 (67.8%) 106 (32.8%) 217 (67.2%) 136 (42.1%) 187 (57.9%)
Sleep disorders
  Yes 3 (0.9%) 1 (33.3%) 2 (66.7%) 0.929* 1 (33.3%) 2 (66.7%) 0.991* 2 (66.7%) 1 (33.3%) 0.275* 2 (66.7%) 1 (33.3%) 0.580*
  No 333 (99.1%) 103 (30.9%) 230 (69.1%) 112 (33.6%) 221 (66.4%) 114 (34.2%) 219 (65.8%) 143 (42.9%) 190 (57.1%)
Bipolar disorders
  Yes 7 (2.1%) 3 (42.9%) 4 (57.1%) 0.681* 7 (100.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0.001* 7 (100.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0.001* 7 (100.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0.003*
  No 329 (97.9%) 101 (30.7%) 228 (69.3%) 106 (32.2%) 223 (67.8%) 109 (33.1%) 220 (66.9%) 138 (41.9%) 191 (58.1%)
Eating disorders
  Yes 5 (1.5%) 1 (20.0%) 4 (80.0%) 0.963* 4 (80.0%) 1 (20.0%) 0.046* 3 (60.0%) 2 (40.0%) 0.345* 5 (100.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0.014*
  No 331 (98.5%) 103 (31.1%) 228 (68.9%) 109 (32.9%) 222 (67.1%) 113 (34.1%) 218 (65.9%) 140 (42.3%) 191 (57.7%)
Personality disorders
  Yes 5 (1.5%) 2 (40.0%) 3 (60.0%) 0.647* 4 (80.0%) 1 (20.0%) 0.046* 3 (60.0%) 2 (40.0%) 0.345* 3 (60.0%) 2 (40.0%) 0.655*
  No 331 (98.5%) 102 (30.8%) 229 (69.2%) 109 (32.9%) 222 (67.1%) 113 (34.1%) 218 (65.9%) 142 (42.9%) 189 (57.1%)
Psychotic disorders
  Yes 2 (0.6%) 0 (0.0%) 2 (100.0%) 0.855* 2 (100.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0.112* 2 (100.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0.119* 2 (100.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0.186*
  No 334 (99.4%) 104 (31.1%) 230 (68.9%) 111 (33.2%) 223 (66.8%) 114 (34.1%) 220 (65.9%) 143 (42.8%) 191 (57.2%)
Neurodevelopmental disorders
  No 336 (100.0%) 104 (31.0%) 232 (69.0%) NA 113 (33.6%) 223 (66.4%) NA 116 (34.5%) 220 (65.5%) NA 145 (43.2%) 191 (56.8%) NA
PTSD
  No 336 (100.0%) 104 (31.0%) 232 (69.0%) NA 113 (33.6%) 223 (66.4%) NA 116 (34.5%) 220 (65.5%) NA 145 (43.2%) 191 (56.8%) NA
Other disorders
  Yes 5 (1.5%) 3 (60.0%) 2 (40.0%) 0.174* 2 (40.0%) 3 (60.0%) 0.761* 2 (40.0%) 3 (60.0%) 0.795* 3 (60.0%) 2 (40.0%) 0.655*
  No 331 (98.5%) 101 (30.5%) 230 (69.5%) 111 (33.5%) 220 (66.5%) 114 (34.4%) 217 (65.6%) 142 (42.9%) 189 (57.1%)

Bolded p-values are significant at p<0.05; *Fischer’s exact testIES-R: Revised Impact of Event Scale (IES-R); DASS-21: Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale - 21 Items