Study | Purpose | Results | Conclusion | Model |
---|---|---|---|---|
Janczyk et al., 2007 | To investigate the nutritional value of three C. vulgaris products. | All products showed similar protein efficiency ratio and N-balance, with changes in protein digestibility and biological value. | Protein digestibility and biological value of C. vulgaris may be enhanced by ultrasonic treatment and reduced by electroporation. | Wistar rats |
Queiroz et al., 2016 | To evaluate the effect of C. vulgaris on the peripheral and central responses to forced swimming stress in rats. |
C. vulgaris reduced stress-related HPA1 activation and stress-associated hyperglycemia. |
C. vulgaris treatment diminished the impact of central and peripheral stressors. | Sprague–Dawley rats |
Bae et al., 2013 | To observe the suppressive effect of a hot water extract of C. vulgaris on histamine-mediated allergic responses. | Chlorella prevented histamine release from mast cells and inhibited serum IgE overproduction by ovalbumin-immunized BALB/c mice. | C. vulgaris hot water extract may act as an antiallergic dietary agent. | Balb/c mice |
Panahi et al., 2013 | To evaluate the effect of C. vulgaris on the burden of oxidative stress in Iranian smokers. | Six-week Chlorella treatment increased serum antioxidant and reduced malondialdehyde levels. | C. vulgaris extract significantly improves antioxidant status and attenuates lipid peroxidation in chronic cigarette smokers. | Human |
Grammes et al., 2013 | To investigate the potential of different microbial ingredients (including C. vulgaris) to alleviate SBMIE2 in Atlantic salmon. | Chlorella-treated fish showed healthy intestine at histopathological examination and similar to control in metabolism-associated gene expression. | C. vulgaris was highly effective to counteract SBMIE2 in Atlantic salmon model. | Atlantic Salmon |
Kwak et al., 2012 | To observe the effect of C. vulgaris supplementation on immune/inflammation response in healthy humans. | Eight-week supplementation with Chlorella increased serum concentrations of interferon-γ and interleukin-1β. NK cell activity was also augmented. | Data suggest a beneficial immunostimulatory effect of short-term C. vulgaris supplementation in healthy subjects. | Human |
Sibi, 2015 | To study the response of Chlorella against Propionibacterium acnes through microdilution and in vitro with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. | Chlorella species (including C. vulgaris) inhibited lipase activity, influenced ROS and TNF-α production. C. vulgaris showed a MIC3 value of 10 µg/ml. | Chlorella species has significant inhibitory activity on P. acnes, and modulate the inflammatory response to the pathogen. | Propionibacterium acnes |
Ebrahimi-Mameghani et al., 2014 | To investigate the effect of C. vulgaris supplementation on liver enzymes, serum glucose and lipid profile in patients with NAFLD4. | C. vulgaris improved weight, liver enzymes (i.e. ALP) and fasting blood sugar status. | C. vulgaris seems to improve fasting blood sugar and lipid profile in human subjects. | Human |
Vecina et al., 2014 | To evaluate the prophylactic effect of C. vulgaris on body weight, lipid profile, blood glucose and insulin signaling in liver, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue of diet-induced obese mice. | C. vulgaris treatment increases the phosphorylation of IR, IRS-1 and Akt and prevents diet-induced high triglyceride, cholesterol and free fatty acid levels. | Chlorella modulates the deleterious effects of an experimental high-fat diet in mice. | Balb/c mice |