Table 2: Summary of the results of some randomized controlled trials examining the effects of vitamin K1 supplementation on BMD in postmenopausal women:

Reference Type of study Country Participants Type and dose of
vitamin K 		Duration Results
Bolton-Smith C
et al. 2007 [24]		 Randomized controlled studies UK Healthy postmenopausal
Women (n=209)		 K1 (200mcg/day) and/or vitamin
D (400 IU/day) plus calcium
(1000 mg/day) vs. placebo.		 Two years ultradistal radius BMD and BMC was increased
in K1 plus vitamin D plus calcium group vs. placebo
Kanellakis S
et al. 2012 [25]		 Randomized controlled studies Greece Postmenopausal women
(n=219)		 K1 or K2 (100 mcg/day) vs.
placebo		 one year Total BMD was increased in all groups vs. placebo,
increased BMD of lumbar spine vs. placebo after adjusting for changes in serum vitamin D concentration and dietary
calcium intake
Moschonis G
et al. 2011 [26]		 Randomized controlled studies Greece Postmenopausal women
(Ca vit.D group, n = 26)
(Ca vit.D vit.K1 group, n = 26)
(Control group, n = 39)		 K1 (100mcg/day) or K2
(100 mcg/day) vs. placebo.
Fortified milk and yoghurt, one
control group on normal diet.		 One year Total BMD was increased vs. placebo