Table 1: A complete list of gout-associated genes and genetic loci.

Variant	Location	Effect allele	OR	P value	Population		Reference
					Discovery	Replication
rs121907892 (W258X)	Exon	G	infinity	2×10-2	Japanese male	Japanese male	[35, 36]
rs121907896 (R90H)	Exon	G			Japanese male	–	[36]
rs11231825 (H142H)	Exon	T	1.631	3.26×10-2	Spanish	–	[37]
rs475688	Intron	C	1.84	1×10-4	Han Chinese and Solomon Islanders	–	[38]
		T	1.26	4.3×10-2	New Zealand European Caucasian	–	[39]
				No association	New Zealand Polynesian	–	[39]
rs505802	5’ intergenic	A	0.747	9.88 ×10-4	Han Chinese male	–	[40]
				No association	German	–	[41]
rs2285340	Intron	A	1.4	4.61×10-11	Japanese male	–	[2]
				No association	New Zealand Polynesian	–	[2]
rs734553	Intron	G	0.66	5.6×10-7	German	Han Chinese male	[40, 41]
rs16890979 (V253I)	Exon	T	0.59	7.9×10 -14	US Caucasian	New Zealand Māori, Pacific Island, Caucasian, Spanish, Chinese	[57-59]
				No association		Korean, Japanese men, Han Chinese male, Czech	[60-63]
rs1014290	Intron	C	1.4	1×10-4	Scottish	Japanese male, Han Chinese	[64, 2, 61, 65, 35]
				No association	Solomon Islanders	–	[65]
rs6449213	Intron	T	1.32	3×10 -2	Scottish	German, US Caucasian	[64, 66, 57]
				No association	Korean	–	[60]
rs3733591 (R265H)	Exon	G	1.52	7.3×10-4	Japanese male	Han Chinese	[61, 65]
				No association	Solomon Islanders, New Zealander, Chinese Han and Minnan population in China	–	[65, 67, 68, 69]
rs6855911	Intron	G	0.62	3.2×10-7	German	German	[66, 41]
				No association	Minnan population in China	–	[69]
rs12510549	5’ intergenic	C	0.67	5.1×10-5	German	New Zealand Caucasian	[66, 58]
				No association	New Zealand Māori,pacific Island	–	[58]
rs11722228	Intron	T	1.619	2.4×10-6	Han Chinese male	–	[62]
				No association	Malaysian male	–	[70]
rs3775948	Intron	G	1.61	5.5×10-27	Japanese male	–	[71]
		G	0.738	3.09 ×10-3	Han Chinese male	–	[62]
rs13129697	Intron	T	1.4	4.66 × 10-3	African American	–	[72]
rs7663032	Intron	T	1.46	3.97 × 10-3	African American	–	[72]
rs5028843	Intron	A	0.13	7.2 × 10-5	New Zealand Māori	New Zealand, Caucasian	[58]
rs11942223	Intron	C	0.06	3.7 × 10-7	New Zealand Māori	New Zealand, Caucasian	[58]
rs13124007	promoter	C	1.709	6×10-3	Chinese male	–	[74]
rs17300741	Intron	A	1.85	2×10-2	Spanish	–	[37]
		G	1.63	4.9×10-2	Japanese	–	[76]
				No association	New Zealander, German, Chinese Han, Japanese male	–	[39, 41, 68, 40, 35]
rs3579352	Intron	C	0.71	1.08×10-3	Chinese	–	[59]
rs1183201	Intron	T	0.67	3× 10-6	Caucasian	Han Chinese male	[80, 40]
				No association	German	–	[41]
rs1165196 (I269T)	Exon	C	0.6	5.5×10-3	Japanese male	Caucasian, Spanish, Japanese male	[81, 80, 37, 35]
				No association		Chinese Han	[68]
rs1179086	Intron	T	0.69	1.2×10-2	Japanese male	–	[81]
rs3757131	Intron	T	0.6	5.9×10-3	Japanese male	–	[81]
rs12664474	5’ UTR	G	1.36	1.2 × 10-3	Caucasian	–	[80]
				No association	Polynesian	–	[80]
rs1165205	Intron	A	0.85	2·0×10 -3	White American	–	[57]
				No association	Chinese Han and Minnan population	–	[68, 69]
rs9358890	Exon	G	1.19	1.8×10-2	Chinese	–	[59]
				No association	Caucasian, Polynesian	–	[80]
rs2242206 (K258T)	Exon	G	1.28	1.2×10-2	Japanese male	–	[86]
rs2231137 (V12M)	Exon	T	0.55	2.55×10-6	Chinese Han male	Chinese	[91, 59, 92]
rs1481012	Intron	G	2.5	1.55×10-43	Chinese	–	[59]
rs3114018	Intron	A	1.71	2.6×10-2	Chinese Han	Chinese	[93, 92]
rs2728125		C	2.05	1.5×10-27	Japanese male	–	[71]
rs72552713 (Q126X)	Exon	T	4.25	3.04 × 10-8	Japanese male	Chinese and Japanese male	[94, 91, 35, 95]
rs3114020	promoter	T	1.58	4.8×10-2	Chinese Han	–	[93]
		C	2.03	1.17×10-20	Japanese male	–	[2]
rs2231142 (Q141K)	Exon	T	1.74	3.3×10-15	White American	Japanese, Spanish, German, Korean, Chinese, American, New Zealand Pacific Island and Caucasian	[57, 35, 37, 41, 60, 68, 69, 71, 72, 88, 91, 92, 94-98]
				No association	New Zealand Māori , Chinese Han	–	[97, 93]
rs4148500	Intron	A	1.3	3.8×10-3	New Zealand Māori and Pacific Island	–	[104]
rs179785	Intron	G	0.82	1.28 × 10-8	Han Chinese male	–	[107]
rs1967017	promoter	C	0.705	1.6×10-2	male Han Chinese	New Zealander, American	[109, 110, 111]
				No association	American	–	[112]
rs12129861	5’ Intergenic	A	0.727	1.5×10-2	male Han Chinese	Japanese	[109, 113]
				No association	Japanese and Chinese male, German	–	[35, 40, 41, 114]
rs11733284	Intron	A	1.34	1.13×10-8	Japanese male	–	[2]
rs1143623	Promoter	G	1.1	2×10-2	European and Polynesian	–	[118]
rs2569190	Promoter	A	1.08	3.6×10-2	European and Polynesian	–	[118]
rs4073 (–251T/A )	promoter	T	1.229	3.1×10-2	Chinese male	Chinese	[121, 122]
rs3212227 (1188A/C )	3’ UTR	A	1.404	< 1×10-3	Chinese male	–	[121]
rs7517847	Intron	G	0.826	4×10-2	Chinese Han male	–	[127]
rs10889677	3’ UTR	A	1.137	5.9×10-2	Chinese Han male	–	[128]
rs1800630 (-863C/A )	promoter	A	2.3	<1×10-3	male Taiwanese	–	[130]
rs1024611 (-2518A/G)	promoter	G	1.182	7×10-3	Chinese male	–	[131]
rs3806268	Exon	G	1.83	<3×10-2	Chinese	–	[135]
rs45520937	Exon	A	1.85	6.66×10 -9	Han Chinese	–	[137]
rs2143956	Exon	T	1.48	3.58× 10 -5	Chinese male	–	[140]
		T	1.122	1.2×10-2	European	–	[141]
		T	0.8	1.1×10-2	NZ Polynesian	–	[141]
rs2043211 (C10X)	Exon	T	1.12	7×10-3	European	–	[118]
				No association	NZ Polynesian, Chinese male, Korean male	–	[118, 144, 145]
rs1653624	Exon	A	1.608	2×10-2	Chinese	–	[147]
rs7958316	Exon	A	1.698	8×10-3	Chinese	–	[147]
rs17525809	Exon	T	2.728	0.000	Chinese	–	[147]
rs2298999	Intron	T	0.77	6.42×10-3	male Chinese Han	–	[153]
rs10821905	5’ UTR	A	1.61	1.57×10-3	Chinese	–	[59]
rs2941484	3’ UTR	T	1.28	1.08×10-3	Chinese	–	[59]
rs4971101	3’ UTR	G	1.37	3.25×10-4	Chinese	–	[59]
rs2070803	3’ UTR	A	1.22	3.1×10-2	Chinese	–	[59]
rs2544390	Intron	T	1.32	2.5×10-2	Japanese male	Chinese, New Zealander	[35, 155, 156]
		T	0.79	2×10-2	European	–	[156]
				No association	Japanese male	–	[157]
rs780093	Intron	T	1.17	4.7×10-4	American	Han Chinese male	[112, 160]
rs1260326 (L446P)	Exon	T	1.36	1.9×10-12	Japanese male	Japanese male, Chinese	[71, 2, 62, 59]
rs6547692	Intron	A	0.696	2.20×10-4	Han Chinese male	–	[62]
rs780094	Intron	A	1.518	4.00×10-4	Han Chinese male	Chinese, Japanese male	[160, 40, 59, 35]
				No association	German	–	[41]
rs4994 (W64R)	Exon	C	1.5	1.30×10-2	Chinese male	–	[162]
				No association	combined Polynesian	–	[163]
rs671 (E504K)	Exon	G	1.88	1.70×10 -18	Japanese male	Japanese and Han Chinese male	[164, 165, 62, 166]
rs1229984 (H48R)	Exon	A	1.16	3.70×10-2	Japanese male	–	[165]
rs4680 (V158M)	Exon	A	0.77	1.50×10-2	Chinese	–	[155]
				No association	Taiwanese aborigines	–	[170]
rs1137070 (D470D)	Exon	T	1.46	2.00× 10 -4	Taiwanese aborigines	–	[170]
rs2283725	Intron	A	1.38	6.00× 10 -4	Taiwanese aborigines	–	[170]
rs5953210	5’ Intergenic	G	1.34	1.00× 10 -3	Taiwanese aborigines	–	[170]
rs7688672	Intron	A	1.96	7.00×10-3	Taiwanese	–	[172]
				No association	Chinese male	–	[173]
rs10033237	Intron	G	1.302	8×10-3	Chinese male	–	[173]
				No association	Taiwanese	–	[172]
rs3756230	Intron	C	0.64	1.3×10-2	Han Chinese	–	[176]
rs12498927	Intron	A	1.377	2.7×10-2	Han Chinese	–	[176]
rs11726117 (M861T)	Exon	C	1.44	3.78×10-6	Taiwan aborigines	Taiwanese Han	[178]
				No association	male Japanese	–	[179]
rs231247 (R1084R)	Exon	G	1.46	2×10-6	Taiwan aborigines	Taiwanese Han	[178]
rs231253	3’ UTR	G	1.45	3.48×10-6	Taiwan aborigines	–	[178]
				No association	Taiwanese Han	–	[178]
rs742132	Intron	A	1.3	1.5×10-2	Japanese male	Japanese male	[180, 181]
				No association	German, Han Chinese	–	[41, 40]
rs12236871	5’ UTR	G	0.81	1.48 ×10-10	Han Chinese male	–	[107]
rs9895661	Intron	C	0.594	6.94×10-7	Han Chinese male	–	[62]
rs9905274	Intron	T	0.79	6.45 × 10-13	Han Chinese male	–	[107]
rs11653176	Intron	T	0.79	1.36 × 10-13	Han Chinese male	–	[107]
rs4073582	Intron	G	1.66	6.4×10 -9	Japanese male	Japanese and Han Chinese male	[71, 2, 62]
rs7903456	Intron	A	1.34	4.29×10-8	Japanese male	–	[2]
rs2188380	intergenic	T	1.75	1.6×10 -23	Japanese male	–	[71]
rs4766566	Intron	T	1.51	4.03 × 10 -20	Japanese male	–	[2]