Table 3: Prevalence of myocardial abnormalities in chronic kidney disease and systemic lupus erythematosus patients evaluated by conventional echocardiography and 2D speckle-tracking echocardiography.

Authors Date of publication Population Diagnostic tool Myocardial abnormalities
Foley et al. [32] 1995 433 ESRD patients Echocardiography 73.9% LVH
35.5% LVD
14.8% SD
Park et al. [31] 2012 3,487 CKD patients Echocardiography 50% LVH
13% LVD
8% SD
Liu et al. [41] 2011 153 CKD patients 2D speckle-tracking echocardiography Reduced GLS
Dai et al. [23] 2016 60 SLE patients 2D speckle-tracking echocardiography Reduced GLS
Leal et al. [15] 2015 35 SLE patients 2D speckle-tracking echocardiography Reduced GLS

CKD: chronic kidney disease; SLE: systemic lupus erythematosus; LVH: left ventricular hypertrophy; LVD: left ventricular dilatation; SD: systolic dysfunction; GLS: global longitudinal strain