| Symptoms | Diagnosed Illness |
Total (N=512) |
|
|
Systemic Lupus erythematosus (N=405) |
Rheumatoid arthritis (N=107) |
||
| Joint pain with or without swelling | 192 (47.4) | 69 (64.5) | 261 (51.0) |
| Muscle pain | 141 (34.8) | 38 (35.5) | 179 (35.0) |
| Headaches | 119 (29.4) | 18 (16.8) | 137 (26.8) |
| Rash | 86 (21.2) | 12 (11.2) | 98 (19.1) |
| Dizziness | 49 (12.1) | 10 (9.3) | 59 (11.5) |
| Cough | 33 (8.1) | 2 (1.9) | 35 (6.8) |
| Chest pain | 31 (7.7) | 6 (5.6) | 37 (7.2) |
| Bubbly or foamy urine | 27 (6.7) | 11 (10.3) | 38 (7.4) |
| Sore throat | 27 (6.7) | 2 (1.9) | 29 (5.7) |
| Oral ulcer | 24 (5.9) | 4 (3.7) | 28 (5.5) |
| Difficulty breathing | 24 (5.9) | 9 (8.4) | 33 (6.4) |
| Leg edema | 23 (5.7) | 4 (3.7) | 27 (5.3) |
| Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea | 17 (4.2) | 3 (2.8) | 20 (3.9) |
| Facial edema | 15 (3.7) | 1 (0.9) | 16 (3.1) |
| Runny nose | 10 (2.5) | 5 (4.7) | 15 (2.9) |
| Persistent fever (>38°C for at least 1 day) | 9 (2.2) | 1 (0.9) | 10 (2.0) |
| Chills | 8 (2.0) | 3 (2.8) | 11 (2.1) |
| Bleeding | 3 (0.7) | 1 (0.9) | 4 (0.8) |
| Persistent fever and cough or difficulty breathing | 2 (0.5) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.4) |
| Pallor | 2 (0.5) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.4) |