Fig. (3) TNF-α treated DC bias T cells towards an anti-inflammatory phenotype. Groups of mice were injected sc at the base of tail with 1 x 106 DC that had been LPS activated or TNF treated and pulsed with CIIp (A) or Ova (B). Control mice received injections of PBS.Ten days later, spleen and draining lymph nodes were removed. Cell cultures were prepared and stimulated with CIIp (A) or ova (80µg/ml) (B, C, D). After 4 days proliferation was assessed and cytokine production (IFN-γ, and IL-10) measured. Bars represent the mean ± SEM (* = p < 0.05 by Mann Whitney test).