Fig. (2) Model for ligand-induced PPAR-γ activation. In the absence of ligand, the PPAR/RXR heterodimer is bound to transcriptional co-repressors, which prevent its binding to PPRE. Upon ligand activation, PPARs undergo conformational change, and recruit co-activators such as p300/CBP and p160 to displace co-repressors, resulting in binding of target gene PPRE and inducing transcription.