Table 2: Major Molecular Mediators Elevated in Fibrotic Disorders

Cytokines
  Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)
  Interleukin (IL)-4
  IL-13
  IL-17
Chemokines
  CCL2
  CXCL8
  CXCL12
Growth Factors
  Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF)
  Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)
  Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)
  Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)
  Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1)
Small Secreted Signaling Proteins
  Wnt proteins
  Endothelin-1 (ET-1)