MicroRNA |
Effect |
Organ |
Predicted Target and
Confirmation Level |
Putative Role in
Fibrosis |
References |
let-7d |
Anti-fibrotic |
Lung |
Reporter gene assay
(HMGA2) |
↓EMT |
[48] |
miR-107 |
Anti-fibrotic |
Kidney |
- |
↓ Interstitial fibrosis
in allograft transplant |
[49] |
miR-132 |
Anti-fibrotic |
Heart, liver |
Target mRNA changes in
mimic/silencing miRNA transfection (RAS-GTPase, MeCP2) |
↑angiogenesis and
↓myofibroblasts differentiation |
[50, 51] |
miR-133 |
Anti-fibrotic |
Heart |
Reporter gene assay
(CTGF, TGF-β1) |
↓ TGF-β signaling and
↓CTGF signaling |
[52, 53] |
miR-141 |
Anti-fibrotic |
Kidney |
Reporter gene assay
(TGF-β2) |
↓TGF-β and ↓TGF-β dependent
EMT |
[54] |
miR-142-3p |
Pro-fibrotic |
Kidney |
- |
↓Interstitial fibrosis
in allograft transplant |
[49] |
miR-15b, miR-16 |
Anti-fibrotic |
Liver, lung |
Reporter gene assay
(Bcl-2) |
↑apoptosis |
[55, 56] |
miR-150 |
Anti-fibrotic |
Liver |
Target protein changes
in mimic/silencing miRNA transfection (c-myb) |
↓activation and
proliferation in HSC |
[57] |
miR-155 |
Pro-fibrotic |
Lung, liver |
Reporter gene assay
(KGF-FGF-7); target protein changes in mimic/silencing miRNA
transfection |
↓mesenchymal-epithelial
cross-talk |
[58, 59] |
miR-17-92 cluster (miR-18a, 19a/b) |
Anti-fibrotic |
Liver, heart, lung |
Target protein changes
in mimic/silencing miRNA transfection (CTGF; CTGF and TSP-1) |
↓CTGF and ↓ TSP-1 |
[48, 60, 61] |
miR-192 |
Pro-fibrotic |
Kidney |
Reporter gene assay
(ZEB1/2) |
↑collagen synthesis and
↑EMT |
[62, 63] |
miR-194 (clustered with
miR-215) |
Anti-fibrotic |
Liver |
Target protein changes
in mimic/silencing miRNA transfection (rac1) |
↓activation and ↓
proliferation in HSC |
[57] |
miR-199a/b |
Pro-fibrotic |
Heart, Liver |
Reporter gene assay
(Dyrk1); |
↑ECM
synthesis via calcineurin/NFAT signaling |
[64, 65] |
miR-200 family (miR-200a/b) |
Anti-fibrotic |
Kidney, liver |
Reporter gene assay
(TGFβ2 for miR-200a, ZEB1/2 for miR-200b); target mRNA changes in
mimic/silencing miRNA transfection |
↓TGF-β signaling and ↓
TGF-β -dependent EMT |
[54, 59, 66] |
miR-204 |
Anti-fibrotic |
Kidney |
- |
↓Interstitial fibrosis
in allograft transplant |
[49] |
miR-208 |
Pro-fibrotic |
Heart |
Reporter gene assay
(THRAP1 and myostatin) |
↓myocardial
contractility and ↑fibrosis by de-repression of negative regulators of
stress-response genes |
[67] |
miR-21 |
Pro-fibrotic |
Lung, heart, kidney |
Reporter gene assay
(Smad7 in lung); in vivo functional assay (Spry1 in heart); in
vitro functional assay for Smad interactions |
↑TGF-β canonical (via
Smad7 de-repression of Smad2/3) and non canonical signaling (via
Spry1 de-repression of ERK/MAPK) |
[68-70] |
miR-211 |
Anti-fibrotic |
Kidney |
- |
↓Interstitial fibrosis
in allograft transplant |
[49] |
miR-215 |
Pro-fibrotic |
Kidney |
Reporter gene assay
(ZEB1/2) |
↑EMT |
[63] |
miR-216, miR-217 |
Pro-fibrotic |
Kidney |
Reporter gene assay
(PTEN) |
↑Akt signaling via
PTEN de-repression |
[71] |
miR-23a (clustered with
miR-27a) |
Pro-fibrotic |
Lung |
Systems biology
approach and real time PCR (ZEB1) |
↑EMT |
[72] |
miR-26a/b |
Anti-fibrotic |
Lung |
Microarray |
- |
[48] |
miR-27b, miR-27a |
Pro-fibrotic |
Liver |
Reporter gene assay (RXR-α) |
↑lipid accumulation and
↑proliferation of HSC |
[73] |
miR-29a/b/c |
Anti-fibrotic |
SSc, heart,
lung, kidney, liver |
Reporter
gene assays (different collagens, FBN1, ELN1, MMP2, ITGB1;
target mRNA changes in mimic/silencing miRNA transfection |
Directly ↓ECM
synthesis |
[47, 48,
59, 74-77] |
miR-30c |
Anti-fibrotic |
Heart, lung |
Reporter
gene assay (CTGF) |
↓CTGF
signaling |
[48, 51] |
miR-32 |
Pro-fibrotic |
Kidney |
- |
↓Interstitial fibrosis in allograft transplant |
[49] |
miR-335 |
Anti-fibrotic |
Liver |
Target mRNA
changes in mimic/silencing miRNA transfection (TNC) |
↓HSC
activation and migration |
[78] |
miR-338* |
Pro-fibrotic |
Lung |
Reporter
gene assay (LPA1) |
↑fibroblast
proliferation |
[79] |
miR-34a |
Pro-fibrotic |
Liver |
Reporter
gene assay (ACSL1) |
↑lipids
biosynthesis |
[59, 80] |
miR-377
(clustered with miR-382) |
Pro-fibrotic |
Kidney |
Reporter
gene assay (PAK1, SOD) |
↑fibronectin
synthesis |
[81] |
miR-382 |
Pro-fibrotic |
Kidney |
Reporter
gene assay (SOD2) |
↑EMT
mediated by ↓ protection against mitochondrial oxidative
stress |
[82] |
miR-449a/b |
Anti-fibrotic |
Kidney |
Target mRNA
changes in mimic/silencing miRNA transfection (SERPINE1) |
↑ECM
synthesis in hypoxic conditions via downregulation of
miR-449 |
[83] |
miR-590 |
Anti-fibrotic |
Heart |
Reporter
gene assay (TGFβR2) |
↓TGF-β
signaling |
[53] |