Fig. (2) PI3 kinase pathway contributes to TGF-β induced fibrosis via Akt and PAK2 pathways. Activation of Akt/mTOR pathway plays a key role in activation of fibroblast and myofibroblasts survival. PAK2 via c-Abl induces matrix production via activation of EGR and Smad1 pathway and inhibition Fli1 protein.