Table 6.: Selected studies of growth hormone and related peptides in DISH.

Author Patients Dish Criteria Methods Result Comment
Bregeon et al. [1973] [49] 10 M “Forestier” Basal and post-glucose GH GH-Normal levels Small sample
Harris et al. [1974] [4] 5 younger persons Harris NS GH-Normal levels Small sample
Resnick et al. [1978] [33] 6 persons Resnick NS GH -normal levels Small sample.
Littlejohn and Smythe [1981] [61, 63] 11 M DISH
8 M, age/ weight -matched no DISH
Resnick Fasting basal and post-glucose GH, IGF-1 GH- no difference
IGF-1 –no difference
Small sample, controlled for BMI.
Altomonte et al. [1992] [64] 6 M, non-obese DISH,
10 M, weight-matched no DISH
Resnick Fasting basal and post insulin tolerance test [ITT] GH Basal GH not elevated, significant GH elevation post-ITT compared to control [p<0.05] Only study to show post stimulation elevation of GH
Denko et al. [1994] [62] 14 white M DISH,
22 M no DISH
8 white F / 8 black F DISH,
22 white F/ 10 black F no DISH
Resnick Fasting morning GH, IGF-1 GH- elevated
IGF-1-no difference in males/ black females, elevated in white females
Study confounded by significant differences in weight, with DISH groups being heavier.
Denko et al. [1996] [65] 8 M DISH
12 M OA
22 M no DISH
Resnick Fasting morning GH, IGF-1 Serum IGF-1 - same as controls, synovial IGF-1 same as OA.
Serum GH- higher [and same] in DISH and OA than controls, synovial GH same as OA group.
All DISH patients had knee effusions, no matching for weight
Denko et al. [2002] [66] 15 M DISH
15 M controls
NS Fasting morning GH, IGF-1 GH but not IGF-1 lower in asymptomatic DISH patients, but NS Poorly controlled study
Denko et al. [2003] [67] 19 M DISH
34 M no DISH, not controlled for weight
Resnick Fasting morning intra-erythrocyte GH Intra-erythrocyte GH same in DISH and controls  
Sencan et al. [2005] [60] 133 T2 DM outpatients
133 age, sex, weight –matched, outpatient controls
Resnick Fasting IGF-1 No difference  
Denko and Malemud [2006] [68] 11 DISH with BMI 23-28
10 DISH with BMI >28
Resnick Fasting morning serum GH, IGF-1 GH and IGF-1 no different between BMI groups “Additional” data from 25 DISH patients showed no correlation between BMI and GH or IGF-1.
Eckertova et al. [2009] [56] 20M, 9F -DISH
8M, 5F- no DISH, matched for age,
Resnick Fasting and post-OGTT serum GH, IGF-1, IGF-BP3 No difference between groups  

M = males, F = females, NS = not stated, BMI = body mass index, GH = Growth Hormone, IGF-1 = Insulin-like growth factor -1, OA = osteoarthritis, OGTT =oral glucose tolerance test, IGF-BP3 = insulin-like binding protein 3, ITT = insulin tolerance test.