Table 1: Meta-analysis for the difference between surgical and non-surgical management of obstructive sleep-disordered breathing in children as regards the quality of life.

- - 95% CI - -
Study SMD SE Variance Lower limit Upper limit Z-value P-value
Marcus et al. [16] -1.391 0.111 0.012 -1.609 -1.173 -12.492 <0.001
Sudarsan et al. [17] -0.411 0.237 0.056 -0.875 0.053 -1.737 0.082
Volsky et al. [18] -0.675 0.258 0.066 -1.180 -0.171 -2.623 0.009
Burstein et al. [21] -1.675 0.411 0.169 -2.480 -0.869 -4.076 <0.001
FEM -1.168 0.091 0.008 -1.348 -0.989 -12.772 <0.001
REM -1.013 0.292 0.085 -1.584 -0.441 -3.473 0.001
Heterogeneity
Q-value df (Q) P-value I-squared - - - -
19.437 3.000 <0.001 84.566 - - - -

95% CI = 95% confidence interval, SMD, standardized mean difference; SE = standard error, FEM = fixed effects model, REM = random effects model, df (Q) = degree of freedom.