Table 2: Summary of patents filed for hESCs used for treating ocular disorders.

No. Cell Type Patent No. Disease Summary Route of Administration Refs.
1 hESCs WO2008/129554A1 Retinal dysfunction, injury or the loss of retinal pigment epithelium A process of differentiation of hESCs to RPE in a basic medium consisting of various TGFβ superfamily. The patent claims method for RPE cell production in bioreactors and further used to prepare therapeutic compositions to treat retinal disorders. Intraocular transplantation [32]
2 hESCs WO2009/051671A1 AMD, Stargardt’s disease, RP and diabetic retinopathy The invention describes method to obtain a substantially purified form of human RPE cells induced from hESCs or other human stem cells. The patent comprises of pharmaceutical compositions of these RPE cells as well as cryopreserved preparation thereof. The cells are also used for screening assays based on the different markers like RPE-65, PEDF, Otx2 etc.. The pharmaceutical compositions are further used to treat retinal disorders. Intraocular transplantation using suspension, matrix, substrate or injection into subretinal space of the eye [33]
3 hESCs EP2484308 (A1) Keratitis, corneal ulcer, corneal abrasion, snow blindness, corneal infections, corneal dystrophy etc. The invention refers to a mode to obtain a 3D synthetic cornea from parthenogenically activated human oocyte followed by transplantation of the cornea to treat various disorders as well as studying the effects of therapeutic agents on the cornea. Implantation of synthetic cornea [35]
4 Human placental or human umbilical cells US7412734B2 Ocular degenerative conditions like RP, glaucoma, optic nerve trauma, ocular lesions etc. Method to utilise postpartum-derived cells for differentiation into a neural cell fate which can further be characterized based on the presence of cell surface receptors. The neural cells are used to treat ocular disorders and the patent also describes formulations as well as routes of administrations thereof. Surface of the eye or interior of the eye using a cannula or device,
implantation using scaffolds/extracellular matrix containing cells
[36]
5 hESCs US2007/0031386A1 AMD, RP and related retinal degenerative disorders The invention provides a technique for derivation of eye cells like neural, retinal, corneal cells etc. from embryonic stem cells. The patent also embodies characterization of the derived cells based in various parameters followed by their used to treat various retinal disorders as well as Parkinson’s disease. Transplantation into subretinal space [37]
6 hESC CN106754717A Damaged or diseased ocular surface The invention provides an inducing culture medium to produce corneal endothelial cells. The method does not involve a feeder layer so that other animal origin pollution is avoided, and the biological safety is high; the corneal endothelial cells are used as corneal endothelium seed cells in tissue engineering. - [38]
7 hESC CN106167790A Damaged or diseased ocular surface This patent illustrates a method to induce the human embryonic stem cells to differentiate into human neural crest stem cells, inducing the human neural crest stem cells to differentiate into the human corneal endothelial cells. - [39]