| Author(s) | Date | Sample | Key Findings |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pollard | 1986 | 58,123 matches in England 1888-1984 | Little variation between the centuries and divisions; no difference between two- and three-point system; home advantage in percent of obtained point is around 64%; local derbies show significant lower home advantage (p<0.01) |
| Clarke and Norman | 1995 | 20,306 matches in England 1981-1991 | Home advantage in terms of goals per match; team ability included; home advantage 0.528 goals per match in average |
| Thomas, Reeves, and Davies | 2004 | 7834 matches in England 1985-2003 | Slightly lower home advantage in recent years (2%-5% lower); home advantage still stable phenomenon |
| Carmichael and Thomas | 2005 | 380 matches in England 1997-1998 | 57% of the points obtained at home; home teams won 48% of the matches |
| Pollard and Pollard | 2005 | Over 70,000 matches in England 1888-2003 | Home advantage was highest in the early years of each league; home advantage seems stable around 60% of the point obtained at home |
| Pollard | 2006 | 89813 matches around the world 1997-2003 | Home advantage is found in all big leagues in the world; in the Balkan countries and in the Andean region home advantage is much higher; home advantage varies from 48.87 (Andorra) to 78.95 (Bosnia) around the world |
| Pollard, Silva, and Medeiros | 2008 | 2326 matches in Brazil 2003-2007 | Average home advantage 65%, calculated by the points obtained at home; north and south teams have a higher advantage |
| Seckin and Pollard | 2008 | 3672 matches in Turkey 1994-2006 | 61.5% average home advantage; calculated by the points obtained at home; local derbies (matches in Istanbul) show lower home advantage |
| Armatas, Yiannakos, Papadopoulou, and Skoufas | 2009 | 240 matches in Greece 2006-2007 | 47.3% of the matches are won by home team, 26.3% draws and 26.4% won by away team |
| Pollard and Gomez | 2009 | 81,185 matches in France, Italy, Spain and Portugal 1928 (or beginning) -2007 | About 66% average home advantage of the points obtained at home; recent general decline in home advantage since the 1980s; home advantage in Spain highest with an average of 69%; increased home advantage for teams from islands; lower home advantage in capital cities |
| Poulter | 2009 | 808 matches in European Champions League 2001-2007 | Home teams won 67.7% of the matches; home team is 1.98 times more likely to score in match than the away team; home teams perform more shots, shots on goal and corners; away teams have more fouls committed, offside and cards |
| Sanchez, Garcia-Calvo, Leo, Pollard, and Gomez | 2009 | 20,992 matches in Spain 1980-2007 | About 66% average home advantage calculated by the points obtained at home; slightly significant decrease of home advantage after introduction of the 3-point system (p=002) |
| Lago-Penas and Lago-Ballesteros | 2011 | 380 matches in Spain 2008-2009 | 61.95% victories for home and 38.05% victories for guests (draws excluded); 4 groups according to league ranking; inferior teams benefit less from home advantage than superior teams |
| Armatas and Pollard | 2014 | 2160 matches in Greece 1994-2011 | About 65% average home advantage calculated by the points obtained at home; shots, clearances, headed shots, corners and saves have highest effect size for match variables between home and away teams |
| Goumas | 2014a | 765 matches in Australia 2005-2012 | 57.7% average home advantage of the points obtained at home and 56.5% home advantage in terms of goals scored; home advantage increases with increasing time zones crossed by away teams |
| Goumas | 2014b | 1384 matches in European Champions League and Europa League | 58.8% (CL) and 58.0 (EL) home advantage in terms of goals scored; in terms of competition points gained in the group stage home advantage was 57.8% in the CL and 59.2% in the EL; crowd density is important in influencing referee bias; more yellow cards against away teams |
| Goumas | 2014c | 3277 matches in Europe, Asia, South America and Africa 2007-2013 | 59% (Europe), 60% (Asia), 63% (South America) and 70% (Africa) home advantage in terms of goals scored; absolute distance travelled and time zones crossed associated with poorer match performance |
| Saavedra García; Gutiérrez Aguilar, Fernández Romero and Sa Marques | 2015 | 22015 matches in Spain 1928-2011 | 70.8% average home advantage for the period when 2 points were awarded for a victory; 56.7% average home advantage when three points were awarded for a victory |
| Goumas | 2015 | 1058 matches European Champions League 2003-2013 | Home advantage measured on a team level; home advantage did not vary between teams despite 58% for Inter Milan and 73% for Arsenal London; away disadvantage vary between teams significantly (p<0.05); tendency of higher home advantage and lower away disadvantage; home advantage differs significant between countries 70% English teams to 52% Turkish teams (p=0.01) |
| Lago-Penas, Gomez-Ruano, Megias-Navarro and Pollard | 2016 | 1826 matches in France, Italy, Spain, England and Germany 2014/15 | Results showed that home teams scored first in 57.8% of matches and went on the obtain 84.85% of points; Away team scored first, they obtained only 76.25% of subsequent points |