Table 1a: Mean ± standard deviation, and effect size (d) of swimming performance in flat, medium and large waves. Absolute values (times) and relative to flat (=1.00).
| Stroke |
Wave Size |
Times (s) |
Relative of Flat (%) |
d |
| Breaststroke |
Flat |
21.21 ±3.10 |
|
|
| Medium |
21.79 ±3.18 |
1.029 ±.064 |
.18 |
| Large |
22.99 ±3.44 |
1.085 ±.063 |
.54 |
| Front Crawl |
Flat |
15.44 ±2.03 |
|
|
| Medium |
15.56 ±1.99 |
1.010 ±.068 |
.06 |
| Large |
16.81 ±2.50 |
1.089 ±.064 |
.60 |
| Head-up Crawl |
Flat |
17.30 ±2.56 |
|
|
| Medium |
18.20 ±2.99 |
1.051 ±.060 |
.32 |
| Large |
19.56 ±3.22 |
1.013 ±.0.83 |
.78 |
| Backstroke |
Flat |
18.12 ±2.40 |
|
|
| Medium |
18.61 ±2.34 |
1.029 ±.051 |
.21 |
| Large |
19.49 ±2.69 |
1.075 ±.048 |
.54 |