Table 1b: Mean ± standard deviation and effect size (d) of front crawl swimming performance in flat, medium and large waves. Absolute values (times) and relative to flat (=1.00).
| Stroke |
Wave size |
Times (s) |
Relative of Flat (%) |
d |
| Crawl |
Flat |
16.48 ±2.76 |
|
|
| Medium |
17.38 ±3.29 |
1.052 ±.034 |
.30 |
| Large |
17.22 ±3.11 |
1.044 ±.060 |
.25 |
|
Flat |
18.68 ±4.14 |
|
|
| Head-up Crawl |
Medium |
19.73 ±4.54 |
1.055 ±.0.53 |
.24 |
|
Large |
19.41 ±3.75 |
1.046 ±.046 |
.18 |
|
Flat |
15.97 ±2.80 |
|
|
| Head-up Crawl Fins |
Medium |
16.31 ±2.89 |
1.030 ±.064 |
.12 |
|
Large |
16.49 ±3.23 |
1.022 ±.056 |
.17 |
For statistical differences please refer to the text.